{"id":1395,"date":"2026-08-09T19:11:51","date_gmt":"2026-08-09T13:41:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/psir-pyq\/discuss-the-role-of-environmental-movements-in-shaping-the-upsc-psir-2024-2608\/"},"modified":"2026-08-12T21:24:28","modified_gmt":"2026-08-12T15:54:28","slug":"discuss-the-role-of-environmental-movements-in-shaping-the-upsc-psir-2024-2608","status":"publish","type":"psir_pyq","link":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/psir-pyq\/discuss-the-role-of-environmental-movements-in-shaping-the-upsc-psir-2024-2608\/","title":{"rendered":"Discuss the role of environmental movements in shaping the environmental governance in India."},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"pq-flow\">\n<div class=\"pq-flow-h\">Flow snapshot <em>\u2014 how the answer moves<\/em><\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-fb\">\n<div class=\"pq-pill p1\"><span>Intro routes<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-ft\">\n<p class=\"pq-r\"><i class=\"pq-rt\">Route 1<\/i> Governance not state-handed <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> <b class=\"pq-sc\">Kohli<\/b>: societal forces and movements shaped it <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> local conflicts become national policy questions.<\/p>\n<p class=\"pq-r\"><i class=\"pq-rt\">Route 2<\/i> Chipko \/ Silent Valley \/ Narmada <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> carry sustainability, justice and equity into a debate that once called ecology a rich-nation luxury.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-fb\">\n<div class=\"pq-pill p2\"><span>Body flow<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-ft\">\n<p>Activism gives force to Art 48-A + 51-A(g) <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> new statutes and bodies (EP Act, Forest Conservation Act, FRA, EIA, NGT) <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> PIL <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> judiciary as a governance actor <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> M. C. <i>Mehta<\/i> cases (Ganga, vehicular emissions, deforestation) <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> <b class=\"pq-sc\">Gadgil<\/b>: the participatory turn <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> People\u2019s Biodiversity Registers + Western Ghats report.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-fb\">\n<div class=\"pq-pill p3\"><span>Counter-view<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-ft\">\n<p>Movements are not the sole driver <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> <b class=\"pq-sc\">Sinha<\/b>: resource-intensive development, not activism alone <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> <b class=\"pq-sc\">Narain<\/b>: fire-fighting, development model intact <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> weak implementation \/ localised \/ state-corporate \/ low priority.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-fb\">\n<div class=\"pq-pill p4\"><span>Conclusion routes<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-ft\">\n<p class=\"pq-r\"><i class=\"pq-rt\">Route 1<\/i> Rewrote how the environment is governed, not the direction of development.<\/p>\n<p class=\"pq-r\"><i class=\"pq-rt\">Route 2<\/i> Law + courts + participation reshaped; the structural development model only slowed.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"template":"","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"footnotes":""},"pyq_year":[30],"pyq_marks":[31],"pyq_topic":[67],"pyq_paper":[33],"class_list":["post-1395","psir_pyq","type-psir_pyq","status-publish","hentry","pyq_year-30","pyq_marks-20-marks","pyq_topic-social-movements","pyq_paper-paper-1"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/psir_pyq\/1395","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/psir_pyq"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/psir_pyq"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/psir_pyq\/1395\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4807,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/psir_pyq\/1395\/revisions\/4807"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1395"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"pyq_year","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pyq_year?post=1395"},{"taxonomy":"pyq_marks","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pyq_marks?post=1395"},{"taxonomy":"pyq_topic","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pyq_topic?post=1395"},{"taxonomy":"pyq_paper","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pyq_paper?post=1395"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}