{"id":1396,"date":"2026-08-09T19:11:51","date_gmt":"2026-08-09T13:41:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/psir-pyq\/critically-examine-the-marxist-aspect-of-political-economy-upsc-psir-2016-2701\/"},"modified":"2026-08-12T21:24:28","modified_gmt":"2026-08-12T15:54:28","slug":"critically-examine-the-marxist-aspect-of-political-economy-upsc-psir-2016-2701","status":"publish","type":"psir_pyq","link":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/psir-pyq\/critically-examine-the-marxist-aspect-of-political-economy-upsc-psir-2016-2701\/","title":{"rendered":"Critically examine the Marxist aspect of political economy approach to the study of comparative politics."},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"pq-flow\">\n<div class=\"pq-flow-h\">Flow snapshot <em>\u2014 how the answer moves<\/em><\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-fb\">\n<div class=\"pq-pill p1\"><span>Intro routes<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-ft\">\n<p class=\"pq-r\"><i class=\"pq-rt\">Route 1<\/i> locate Marxist strand inside political economy <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> politics read through economic structure + class <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> set against liberal market faith<\/p>\n<p class=\"pq-r\"><i class=\"pq-rt\">Route 2<\/i> Marxist PE reads comparative development through mode of production, not markets <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> exploitation as the organising idea<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-fb\">\n<div class=\"pq-pill p2\"><span>Body flow<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-ft\">\n<p>historical materialism <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> mode of production = economic base shapes political-legal superstructure <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> state as instrument of bourgeoisie (not neutral) <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> applied to uneven development across nations <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> <b class=\"pq-sc\">Frank<\/b>\u2019s dependency (core\/metropole drains periphery\/satellite <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> underdevelopment) <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> <b class=\"pq-sc\">Wallerstein<\/b>\u2019s world-systems (single capitalist world economy <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> core extracts surplus from periphery)<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-fb\">\n<div class=\"pq-pill p3\"><span>Counter-view<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-ft\">\n<p>economic determinism <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> reduces politics to bourgeoisie\u2013proletariat struggle <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> ignores culture\/ideational factors + understates agency <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> <b class=\"pq-sc\">Kenworthy<\/b>: ignores political-cultural context + India\u2019s poverty fall through capitalism weakens the thesis<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-fb\">\n<div class=\"pq-pill p4\"><span>Conclusion routes<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-ft\">\n<p class=\"pq-r\"><i class=\"pq-rt\">Route 1<\/i> strong tool for exposing exploitation + structural inequality <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> but limited unless balanced with agency + context<\/p>\n<p class=\"pq-r\"><i class=\"pq-rt\">Route 2<\/i> valuable diagnosis of global inequality <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> needs agency, culture, and empirical variation to complete it<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"template":"","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"footnotes":""},"pyq_year":[42],"pyq_marks":[38],"pyq_topic":[68],"pyq_paper":[69],"class_list":["post-1396","psir_pyq","type-psir_pyq","status-publish","hentry","pyq_year-42","pyq_marks-10-marks","pyq_topic-comparative-politics","pyq_paper-paper-2"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/psir_pyq\/1396","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/psir_pyq"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/psir_pyq"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/psir_pyq\/1396\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4808,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/psir_pyq\/1396\/revisions\/4808"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1396"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"pyq_year","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pyq_year?post=1396"},{"taxonomy":"pyq_marks","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pyq_marks?post=1396"},{"taxonomy":"pyq_topic","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pyq_topic?post=1396"},{"taxonomy":"pyq_paper","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pyq_paper?post=1396"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}