{"id":1401,"date":"2026-08-09T19:11:52","date_gmt":"2026-08-09T13:41:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/psir-pyq\/discuss-the-political-economy-approach-to-the-comparative-upsc-psir-2021-2706\/"},"modified":"2026-08-12T21:24:30","modified_gmt":"2026-08-12T15:54:30","slug":"discuss-the-political-economy-approach-to-the-comparative-upsc-psir-2021-2706","status":"publish","type":"psir_pyq","link":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/psir-pyq\/discuss-the-political-economy-approach-to-the-comparative-upsc-psir-2021-2706\/","title":{"rendered":"Discuss the political economy approach to the comparative analysis of politics."},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"pq-flow\">\n<div class=\"pq-flow-h\">Flow snapshot <em>\u2014 how the answer moves<\/em><\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-fb\">\n<div class=\"pq-pill p1\"><span>Intro routes<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-ft\">\n<p class=\"pq-r\"><i class=\"pq-rt\">Route 1<\/i> polity and economy shape each other <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> <b class=\"pq-sc\">Marx<\/b>: interdisciplinary study (economics, law, politics)<\/p>\n<p class=\"pq-r\"><i class=\"pq-rt\">Route 2<\/i> <i>Oxford Handbook<\/i> definition \u2014 state\u2019s economic policies + processes <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> <b class=\"pq-sc\">Kautilya<\/b>\u2019s <i>Arthashastra<\/i> <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> <b class=\"pq-sc\">Smith<\/b>: modern political economy born<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-fb\">\n<div class=\"pq-pill p2\"><span>Body flow<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-ft\">\n<p>two strands <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> liberal ( <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> <b class=\"pq-sc\">Hayek<\/b>, <b class=\"pq-sc\">Friedman<\/b>): free markets, minimal state <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> Marxist (<b class=\"pq-sc\">Frank<\/b> dependency, <b class=\"pq-sc\">Wallerstein<\/b> world-systems): core\u2013periphery exploitation <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> comparative payoff <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> regularities &amp; causal mechanisms across systems <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> corporation\u2013government links &amp; autocracy-vs-democracy policy differences <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> global integration alters state decisions<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-fb\">\n<div class=\"pq-pill p3\"><span>Counter-view<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-ft\">\n<p>economic determinism <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> <b class=\"pq-sc\">Kenworthy<\/b>: ignores historical, political, cultural contexts<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-fb\">\n<div class=\"pq-pill p4\"><span>Conclusion routes<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-ft\">\n<p class=\"pq-r\"><i class=\"pq-rt\">Route 1<\/i> PE compares systems through the economy\u2013polity interface <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> shows why policy and regime behaviour differ, as institutions alone cannot<\/p>\n<p class=\"pq-r\"><i class=\"pq-rt\">Route 2<\/i> hold its comparative value but read with cultural and institutional context (<b class=\"pq-sc\">Kenworthy<\/b>), not economic reductionism<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"template":"","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"footnotes":""},"pyq_year":[40],"pyq_marks":[38],"pyq_topic":[68],"pyq_paper":[69],"class_list":["post-1401","psir_pyq","type-psir_pyq","status-publish","hentry","pyq_year-40","pyq_marks-10-marks","pyq_topic-comparative-politics","pyq_paper-paper-2"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/psir_pyq\/1401","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/psir_pyq"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/psir_pyq"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/psir_pyq\/1401\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4813,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/psir_pyq\/1401\/revisions\/4813"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1401"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"pyq_year","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pyq_year?post=1401"},{"taxonomy":"pyq_marks","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pyq_marks?post=1401"},{"taxonomy":"pyq_topic","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pyq_topic?post=1401"},{"taxonomy":"pyq_paper","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pyq_paper?post=1401"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}