{"id":1408,"date":"2026-08-09T19:11:52","date_gmt":"2026-08-09T13:41:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/psir-pyq\/describe-the-changing-nature-of-the-state-in-the-developing-upsc-psir-2012-2802\/"},"modified":"2026-08-12T21:24:32","modified_gmt":"2026-08-12T15:54:32","slug":"describe-the-changing-nature-of-the-state-in-the-developing-upsc-psir-2018-2802","status":"publish","type":"psir_pyq","link":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/psir-pyq\/describe-the-changing-nature-of-the-state-in-the-developing-upsc-psir-2018-2802\/","title":{"rendered":"Describe the changing nature of the State in the developing societies in the context of inclusive growth in the 21st century."},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"pq-flow\">\n<div class=\"pq-flow-h\">Flow snapshot <em>\u2014 how the answer moves<\/em><\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-fb\">\n<div class=\"pq-pill p1\"><span>Intro routes<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-ft\">\n<p class=\"pq-r\"><i class=\"pq-rt\">Route 1<\/i> developing State = apparatus inherited from colonial rule <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> early form concentrated growth, ill-suited to inclusion<\/p>\n<p class=\"pq-r\"><i class=\"pq-rt\">Route 2<\/i> nature has since shifted <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> from a structure that monopolised development <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> to one built for inclusive growth<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-fb\">\n<div class=\"pq-pill p2\"><span>Body flow<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-ft\">\n<p><b class=\"pq-sc\">Myrdal<\/b>\u2019s <i>soft state<\/i>: no social discipline, spares the rich <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> non-inclusive <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> <b class=\"pq-sc\">Riggs<\/b>\u2019s <i>prismatic society<\/i> \/ bazaar-canteen favours the wealthy, family-community monopolise development <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> <b class=\"pq-sc\">Alavi<\/b>\u2019s <i>overdeveloped state<\/i> atop a transitional socio-economic base <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> shift from state-led development <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> market reforms (India\u2019s mixed-market model; China\u2019s capitalist economy under a socialist polity) <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> globalization aggravates inequality (99% vs 1%, social unrest) <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> 21st-century inclusion turn: participative culture, ICT \/ JAM-Jan Dhan; RTI strengthens the political arena; welfare + affirmative action <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> structural change <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> developmental-state debate: inclusive growth rests on state capacity to penetrate society (East Asia)<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-fb\">\n<div class=\"pq-pill p3\"><span>Counter-view<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-ft\">\n<p>market-led globalization deepened inequality; the soft \/ overdeveloped state\u2019s incapacity to discipline elites limits how far the inclusion turn can reach<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-fb\">\n<div class=\"pq-pill p4\"><span>Conclusion routes<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-ft\">\n<p class=\"pq-r\"><i class=\"pq-rt\">Route 1<\/i> nature moved from a soft, elite-shielding apparatus <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> an active enabler of inclusion<\/p>\n<p class=\"pq-r\"><i class=\"pq-rt\">Route 2<\/i> the inclusion turn is real but conditional <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> holds only where the State can discipline the powerful \/ build developmental capacity<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"template":"","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"footnotes":""},"pyq_year":[43],"pyq_marks":[38],"pyq_topic":[70],"pyq_paper":[69],"class_list":["post-1408","psir_pyq","type-psir_pyq","status-publish","hentry","pyq_year-43","pyq_marks-10-marks","pyq_topic-state-in-comparative-perspective","pyq_paper-paper-2"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/psir_pyq\/1408","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/psir_pyq"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/psir_pyq"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/psir_pyq\/1408\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4820,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/psir_pyq\/1408\/revisions\/4820"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1408"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"pyq_year","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pyq_year?post=1408"},{"taxonomy":"pyq_marks","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pyq_marks?post=1408"},{"taxonomy":"pyq_topic","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pyq_topic?post=1408"},{"taxonomy":"pyq_paper","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pyq_paper?post=1408"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}