{"id":1412,"date":"2026-08-09T19:11:52","date_gmt":"2026-08-09T13:41:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/psir-pyq\/comment-on-the-decline-of-political-parties-and-examine-whether-upsc-psir-2016-2901\/"},"modified":"2026-08-12T21:24:33","modified_gmt":"2026-08-12T15:54:33","slug":"comment-on-the-decline-of-political-parties-and-examine-whether-upsc-psir-2016-2901","status":"publish","type":"psir_pyq","link":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/psir-pyq\/comment-on-the-decline-of-political-parties-and-examine-whether-upsc-psir-2016-2901\/","title":{"rendered":"Comment on the decline of political parties and examine whether new social movements shall be alternative strategy for establishing link between government and society."},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"pq-flow\">\n<div class=\"pq-flow-h\">Flow snapshot <em>\u2014 how the answer moves<\/em><\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-fb\">\n<div class=\"pq-pill p1\"><span>Intro routes<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-ft\">\n<p class=\"pq-r\"><i class=\"pq-rt\">Route 1<\/i> parties aggregate interests, central to representative democracy <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> but link between government and society weakening<\/p>\n<p class=\"pq-r\"><i class=\"pq-rt\">Route 2<\/i> representative democracy in worldwide decline (<b class=\"pq-sc\">Rosenthal<\/b>) <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> \u201cpost-representative\u201d moment (<b class=\"pq-sc\">Rosanvallon<\/b>) <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> parties losing their government\u2013society link<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-fb\">\n<div class=\"pq-pill p2\"><span>Body flow<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-ft\">\n<p>signs of party decline (turnout \u2193, membership \u2193, trust \u2193, personalisation, social-media bypass) <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> India: dynastic + ethnic politics + economic-environmental complexity <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> traditional channels fall short <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> NSMs forge alternative link (shape opinion + policy agenda, capture government attention, advisory-committee inclusion) <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> Section 377 \/ LGBT movement fills the gap parties ignored <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> <b class=\"pq-sc\">Kothari<\/b>\u2019s \u201cnon-party political process\u201d<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-fb\">\n<div class=\"pq-pill p3\"><span>Counter-view<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-ft\">\n<p>movements have not displaced parties <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> limits of direct democracy <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> parties stay the main agents of interest aggregation and government formation<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-fb\">\n<div class=\"pq-pill p4\"><span>Conclusion routes<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-ft\">\n<p class=\"pq-r\"><i class=\"pq-rt\">Route 1<\/i> internet + career activists open popular space <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> movements supplement, not substitute, parties<\/p>\n<p class=\"pq-r\"><i class=\"pq-rt\">Route 2<\/i> NSMs are a real but partial link <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> they complement parties in connecting government and society<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"template":"","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"footnotes":""},"pyq_year":[42],"pyq_marks":[38],"pyq_topic":[72],"pyq_paper":[69],"class_list":["post-1412","psir_pyq","type-psir_pyq","status-publish","hentry","pyq_year-42","pyq_marks-10-marks","pyq_topic-politics-of-representation-and-participation","pyq_paper-paper-2"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/psir_pyq\/1412","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/psir_pyq"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/psir_pyq"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/psir_pyq\/1412\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4824,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/psir_pyq\/1412\/revisions\/4824"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1412"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"pyq_year","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pyq_year?post=1412"},{"taxonomy":"pyq_marks","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pyq_marks?post=1412"},{"taxonomy":"pyq_topic","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pyq_topic?post=1412"},{"taxonomy":"pyq_paper","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pyq_paper?post=1412"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}