{"id":1420,"date":"2026-08-09T19:11:53","date_gmt":"2026-08-09T13:41:53","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/psir-pyq\/discuss-the-role-of-social-movements-in-strengthening-the-upsc-psir-2022-2909\/"},"modified":"2026-08-12T21:24:36","modified_gmt":"2026-08-12T15:54:36","slug":"discuss-the-role-of-social-movements-in-strengthening-the-upsc-psir-2022-2909","status":"publish","type":"psir_pyq","link":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/psir-pyq\/discuss-the-role-of-social-movements-in-strengthening-the-upsc-psir-2022-2909\/","title":{"rendered":"Discuss the role of social movements in strengthening the democratic processes in developing societies."},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"pq-flow\">\n<div class=\"pq-flow-h\">Flow snapshot <em>\u2014 how the answer moves<\/em><\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-fb\">\n<div class=\"pq-pill p1\"><span>Intro routes<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-ft\">\n<p class=\"pq-r\"><i class=\"pq-rt\">Route 1<\/i> developing democracy often procedural, limited to voting <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> movements as the chief non-party channel carrying democracy beyond the ballot<\/p>\n<p class=\"pq-r\"><i class=\"pq-rt\">Route 2<\/i> define social movement (change \/ new order \/ resist) <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> excluded sections unheard between elections <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> movements give democracy real content<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-fb\">\n<div class=\"pq-pill p2\"><span>Body flow<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-ft\">\n<p><b class=\"pq-sc\">Kothari<\/b>: social movements as non-party political processes <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> marginalised bypass elite-captured institutions, shape policy from outside <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> platform for minorities adds legitimacy + effectiveness <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> <b class=\"pq-sc\">Tarrow<\/b>: spread of democratic rights makes the state the target <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> <b class=\"pq-sc\">Tilly<\/b>: high-capacity states absorb collective action, low-capacity states breed violence <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> illustrations: Myanmar \/ Section 377\u2013LGBT gap parties ignored \/ Anna Hazare <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> AAP <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> new communication tech fuels more direct democracy<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-fb\">\n<div class=\"pq-pill p3\"><span>Counter-view<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-ft\">\n<p>role not unqualified <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> movements can turn anti-democratic (Nepal, parts of Africa <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> civil war) <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> <b class=\"pq-sc\">Bayat<\/b>: without deeper political-economic change, goals stay out of reach<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-fb\">\n<div class=\"pq-pill p4\"><span>Conclusion routes<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-ft\">\n<p class=\"pq-r\"><i class=\"pq-rt\">Route 1<\/i> movements deepen participation beyond procedure <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> strengthen democracy in developing societies<\/p>\n<p class=\"pq-r\"><i class=\"pq-rt\">Route 2<\/i> outcome hinges on state capacity + restraint <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> supplement, not replace, formal channels<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"template":"","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"footnotes":""},"pyq_year":[47],"pyq_marks":[35],"pyq_topic":[72],"pyq_paper":[69],"class_list":["post-1420","psir_pyq","type-psir_pyq","status-publish","hentry","pyq_year-47","pyq_marks-15-marks","pyq_topic-politics-of-representation-and-participation","pyq_paper-paper-2"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/psir_pyq\/1420","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/psir_pyq"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/psir_pyq"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/psir_pyq\/1420\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4832,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/psir_pyq\/1420\/revisions\/4832"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1420"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"pyq_year","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pyq_year?post=1420"},{"taxonomy":"pyq_marks","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pyq_marks?post=1420"},{"taxonomy":"pyq_topic","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pyq_topic?post=1420"},{"taxonomy":"pyq_paper","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pyq_paper?post=1420"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}