{"id":1422,"date":"2026-08-09T19:11:54","date_gmt":"2026-08-09T13:41:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/psir-pyq\/critically-examine-the-role-of-political-parties-in-sustaining-upsc-psir-2024-2911\/"},"modified":"2026-08-12T21:24:36","modified_gmt":"2026-08-12T15:54:36","slug":"critically-examine-the-role-of-political-parties-in-sustaining-upsc-psir-2024-2911","status":"publish","type":"psir_pyq","link":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/psir-pyq\/critically-examine-the-role-of-political-parties-in-sustaining-upsc-psir-2024-2911\/","title":{"rendered":"Critically examine the role of political parties in sustaining and stabilising democracies in the developing societies."},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"pq-flow\">\n<div class=\"pq-flow-h\">Flow snapshot <em>\u2014 how the answer moves<\/em><\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-fb\">\n<div class=\"pq-pill p1\"><span>Intro routes<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-ft\">\n<p class=\"pq-r\"><i class=\"pq-rt\">Route 1<\/i> parties = bridge between State &amp; citizenry <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> participation, representation, accountability<\/p>\n<p class=\"pq-r\"><i class=\"pq-rt\">Route 2<\/i> survival of democracy turns on party institutionalisation, not mere presence<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-fb\">\n<div class=\"pq-pill p2\"><span>Body flow<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-ft\">\n<p><b class=\"pq-sc\">Huntington<\/b>: parties institutionalise mass participation = order <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> mobilisation outrunning institutions = disorder, party-less = coup-prone <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> <b class=\"pq-sc\">Dahl<\/b> (polyarchy): plurality bridges social\/economic\/ethnic groups, cuts marginalisation <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> <b class=\"pq-sc\">Diamond<\/b>: party competition = accountability = long-term stability<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-fb\">\n<div class=\"pq-pill p3\"><span>Counter-view<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-ft\">\n<p>developing-world reality blunts these functions <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> <b class=\"pq-sc\">Sandbrook<\/b>: personalism over ideology + <b class=\"pq-sc\">Webb<\/b>: parties as personal\/dynastic property <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> erodes accountability <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> <b class=\"pq-sc\">Migdal<\/b> (\u201cstrong societies, weak states\u201d): clientelism\/patronage stalls consolidation <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> <b class=\"pq-sc\">Horowitz<\/b> (\u201cethnic outbidding\u201d): parties deepen polarisation instead of bridging cleavages<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-fb\">\n<div class=\"pq-pill p4\"><span>Conclusion routes<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-ft\">\n<p class=\"pq-r\"><i class=\"pq-rt\">Route 1<\/i> role genuine but conditional <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> not parties as such but institutionalised parties sustain democracy<\/p>\n<p class=\"pq-r\"><i class=\"pq-rt\">Route 2<\/i> India holds democracy through party churn <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> institutionalisation the deciding factor; without it, parties destabilise<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"template":"","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"footnotes":""},"pyq_year":[30],"pyq_marks":[35],"pyq_topic":[72],"pyq_paper":[69],"class_list":["post-1422","psir_pyq","type-psir_pyq","status-publish","hentry","pyq_year-30","pyq_marks-15-marks","pyq_topic-politics-of-representation-and-participation","pyq_paper-paper-2"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/psir_pyq\/1422","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/psir_pyq"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/psir_pyq"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/psir_pyq\/1422\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4834,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/psir_pyq\/1422\/revisions\/4834"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1422"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"pyq_year","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pyq_year?post=1422"},{"taxonomy":"pyq_marks","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pyq_marks?post=1422"},{"taxonomy":"pyq_topic","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pyq_topic?post=1422"},{"taxonomy":"pyq_paper","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pyq_paper?post=1422"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}