{"id":1422,"date":"2026-08-09T19:11:54","date_gmt":"2026-08-09T13:41:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/psir-pyq\/critically-examine-the-role-of-political-parties-in-sustaining-upsc-psir-2024-2911\/"},"modified":"2026-08-09T21:56:27","modified_gmt":"2026-08-09T16:26:27","slug":"critically-examine-the-role-of-political-parties-in-sustaining-upsc-psir-2024-2911","status":"publish","type":"psir_pyq","link":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/psir-pyq\/critically-examine-the-role-of-political-parties-in-sustaining-upsc-psir-2024-2911\/","title":{"rendered":"Critically examine the role of political parties in sustaining and stabilising democracies in the developing societies."},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"pq-flow\">\n<div class=\"pq-flow-h\">Flow snapshot <em>&mdash; how the answer moves<\/em><\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-fb\">\n<div class=\"pq-pill p1\"><span>Intro routes<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-ft\">parties = bridge between State &amp; citizenry \u2192 participation, representation, accountability survival of democracy turns on party institutionalisation, not mere presence<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-fb\">\n<div class=\"pq-pill p2\"><span>Body flow<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-ft\">Huntington: parties institutionalise mass participation = order \u2192 mobilisation outrunning institutions = disorder, party- less = coup-prone \u2192 Dahl (polyarchy): plurality bridges social\/economic\/ethnic groups, cuts marginalisation \u2192 Diamond: party competition = accountability = long-term stability<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-fb\">\n<div class=\"pq-pill p3\"><span>Counter-view<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-ft\">developing-world reality blunts these functions \u2192 Sandbrook: personalism over ideology + Webb: parties as personal\/dynastic property \u2192 erodes accountability \u2192 Migdal (\u201cstrong societies, weak states\u201d): clientelism \/patronage stalls consolidation \u2192 Horowitz (\u201cethnic outbidding\u201d): parties deepen polarisation instead of bridging cleavages<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-fb\">\n<div class=\"pq-pill p4\"><span>Conclusion routes<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-ft\">role genuine but conditional \u2192 not parties as such but institutionalised parties sustain democracy India holds democracy through party churn \u2192 institutionalisation the deciding factor; without it, parties destabilise<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"template":"","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"footnotes":""},"pyq_year":[30],"pyq_marks":[35],"pyq_topic":[72],"pyq_paper":[69],"class_list":["post-1422","psir_pyq","type-psir_pyq","status-publish","hentry","pyq_year-30","pyq_marks-15-marks","pyq_topic-politics-of-representation-and-participation","pyq_paper-paper-2"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/psir_pyq\/1422","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/psir_pyq"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/psir_pyq"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/psir_pyq\/1422\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2640,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/psir_pyq\/1422\/revisions\/2640"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1422"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"pyq_year","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pyq_year?post=1422"},{"taxonomy":"pyq_marks","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pyq_marks?post=1422"},{"taxonomy":"pyq_topic","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pyq_topic?post=1422"},{"taxonomy":"pyq_paper","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pyq_paper?post=1422"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}