{"id":1425,"date":"2026-08-09T19:11:54","date_gmt":"2026-08-09T13:41:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/psir-pyq\/critically-examine-the-globalisation-in-the-past-25-years-from-upsc-psir-2017-3002\/"},"modified":"2026-08-09T21:56:27","modified_gmt":"2026-08-09T16:26:27","slug":"critically-examine-the-globalisation-in-the-past-25-years-from-upsc-psir-2017-3002","status":"publish","type":"psir_pyq","link":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/psir-pyq\/critically-examine-the-globalisation-in-the-past-25-years-from-upsc-psir-2017-3002\/","title":{"rendered":"Critically examine the Globalisation in the past 25 years from the perspectives of the Western world."},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"pq-flow\">\n<div class=\"pq-flow-h\">Flow snapshot <em>&mdash; how the answer moves<\/em><\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-fb\">\n<div class=\"pq-pill p1\"><span>Intro routes<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-ft\">R1 West authored globalisation, defended as universal good \u2192 25 years turn confidence into unease West as architect and chief gainer \u2192 yet by 2017 its loudest sceptic \u2192 arc of promotion to backlash<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-fb\">\n<div class=\"pq-pill p2\"><span>Body flow<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-ft\">champions&#039; faith: O&#039;Neill (world better, MDG poverty halved 2015) + Bhagwati (In Defence, trickle-down to poor states) \u2192 doubt from within: Stiglitz (Discontents, neo-liberal assumptions distort gains, spread unevenly) \u2192 2008 crash sharpens the shift \u2192 backlash at home: Mehta (Western stagnation, anti-immigrant sentiment, ethnic chauvinism, xenophobia; West among losers) \u2192 policy turn: moderate, not discard \u2192 Brexit, America First, new protectionism, resist Doha<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-fb\">\n<div class=\"pq-pill p3\"><span>Counter-view<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-ft\">the establishment&#039;s success story of shared gains (O&#039;Neill, Bhagwati) set against the West&#039;s own middle-class stagnation and protectionist recoil<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-fb\">\n<div class=\"pq-pill p4\"><span>Conclusion routes<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-ft\">R1 globalisation a double-edged sword for the West \u2192 demand is reform, not reversal \u2192 humane Globalisation 4.0 West seeks not the end of globalisation but a moderated, inclusive version \u2192 openness balanced against protection<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"template":"","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"footnotes":""},"pyq_year":[45],"pyq_marks":[38],"pyq_topic":[73],"pyq_paper":[69],"class_list":["post-1425","psir_pyq","type-psir_pyq","status-publish","hentry","pyq_year-45","pyq_marks-10-marks","pyq_topic-globalisation","pyq_paper-paper-2"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/psir_pyq\/1425","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/psir_pyq"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/psir_pyq"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/psir_pyq\/1425\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3346,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/psir_pyq\/1425\/revisions\/3346"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1425"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"pyq_year","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pyq_year?post=1425"},{"taxonomy":"pyq_marks","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pyq_marks?post=1425"},{"taxonomy":"pyq_topic","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pyq_topic?post=1425"},{"taxonomy":"pyq_paper","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pyq_paper?post=1425"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}