{"id":1429,"date":"2026-08-09T19:11:54","date_gmt":"2026-08-09T13:41:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/psir-pyq\/what-is-globalisation-why-is-there-an-intense-debate-about-upsc-psir-2021-3006\/"},"modified":"2026-08-12T21:24:39","modified_gmt":"2026-08-12T15:54:39","slug":"what-is-globalisation-why-is-there-an-intense-debate-about-upsc-psir-2021-3006","status":"publish","type":"psir_pyq","link":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/psir-pyq\/what-is-globalisation-why-is-there-an-intense-debate-about-upsc-psir-2021-3006\/","title":{"rendered":"What is globalisation? Why is there an intense debate about globalisation and its consequences?"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"pq-flow\">\n<div class=\"pq-flow-h\">Flow snapshot <em>\u2014 how the answer moves<\/em><\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-fb\">\n<div class=\"pq-pill p1\"><span>Intro routes<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-ft\">\n<p class=\"pq-r\"><i class=\"pq-rt\">Route 1<\/i> define via <b class=\"pq-sc\">Giddens<\/b> <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> intensification of worldwide social relations \/ time\u2013space compression <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> theme is interdependence<\/p>\n<p class=\"pq-r\"><i class=\"pq-rt\">Route 2<\/i> globalisation = overlapping, contradictory processes <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> resists a single definition <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> the contest starts with \u201cwhat it even is\u201d<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-fb\">\n<div class=\"pq-pill p2\"><span>Body flow<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-ft\">\n<p>definition (integration + interdependence) <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> disagreement over the state <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> <b class=\"pq-sc\">Ohmae<\/b> (real, borders\/sovereignty erode) <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> <b class=\"pq-sc\">Gilpin<\/b> (buzzword, states in command) <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> <b class=\"pq-sc\">Held<\/b> (reshapes, states remain) <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> shift to consequences <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> <b class=\"pq-sc\">O\u2019Neill<\/b> gains (inequality down, poverty halved, fewer battle deaths) <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> <b class=\"pq-sc\">Mehta<\/b> (Western stagnation, xenophobia) <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> <b class=\"pq-sc\">Thakur<\/b> (soft imperialism, uncivil society)<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-fb\">\n<div class=\"pq-pill p3\"><span>Counter-view<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-ft\">\n<p>liberal optimism (<b class=\"pq-sc\">O\u2019Neill<\/b>\u2019s gains) set against the Marxist\u2013postcolonial charge of neo-imperialism and the dark side (<b class=\"pq-sc\">Thakur<\/b>) \u2014 one process, opposite readings<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-fb\">\n<div class=\"pq-pill p4\"><span>Conclusion routes<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-ft\">\n<p class=\"pq-r\"><i class=\"pq-rt\">Route 1<\/i> intense because it is a double-edged sword with unevenly shared gains <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> contested across rival lenses<\/p>\n<p class=\"pq-r\"><i class=\"pq-rt\">Route 2<\/i> prosperity for the liberal, new imperialism for the Marxist <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> hence the call for a humane, inclusive Globalisation 4.0<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"template":"","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"footnotes":""},"pyq_year":[40],"pyq_marks":[35],"pyq_topic":[73],"pyq_paper":[69],"class_list":["post-1429","psir_pyq","type-psir_pyq","status-publish","hentry","pyq_year-40","pyq_marks-15-marks","pyq_topic-globalisation","pyq_paper-paper-2"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/psir_pyq\/1429","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/psir_pyq"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/psir_pyq"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/psir_pyq\/1429\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4841,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/psir_pyq\/1429\/revisions\/4841"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1429"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"pyq_year","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pyq_year?post=1429"},{"taxonomy":"pyq_marks","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pyq_marks?post=1429"},{"taxonomy":"pyq_topic","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pyq_topic?post=1429"},{"taxonomy":"pyq_paper","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pyq_paper?post=1429"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}