{"id":1429,"date":"2026-08-09T19:11:54","date_gmt":"2026-08-09T13:41:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/psir-pyq\/what-is-globalisation-why-is-there-an-intense-debate-about-upsc-psir-2021-3006\/"},"modified":"2026-08-09T21:56:27","modified_gmt":"2026-08-09T16:26:27","slug":"what-is-globalisation-why-is-there-an-intense-debate-about-upsc-psir-2021-3006","status":"publish","type":"psir_pyq","link":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/psir-pyq\/what-is-globalisation-why-is-there-an-intense-debate-about-upsc-psir-2021-3006\/","title":{"rendered":"What is globalisation? Why is there an intense debate about globalisation and its consequences?"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"pq-flow\">\n<div class=\"pq-flow-h\">Flow snapshot <em>&mdash; how the answer moves<\/em><\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-fb\">\n<div class=\"pq-pill p1\"><span>Intro routes<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-ft\">G9 define via Giddens \u2192 intensification of worldwide social relations \/ time-space compression \u2192 theme is interdependence globalisation = overlapping, contradictory processes \u2192 resists a single definition \u2192 the contest starts with \u201cwhat it even is&quot;<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-fb\">\n<div class=\"pq-pill p2\"><span>Body flow<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-ft\">definition (integration + interdependence) \u2192 disagreement over the state \u2192 Ohmae (real, borders\/sovereignty erode) \u2192 Gilpin (buzzword, states in command) \u2192 Held (reshapes, states remain) \u2192 shift to consequences \u2192 O&#039;Neill gains (inequality down, poverty halved, fewer battle deaths) \u2192 Mehta (Western stagnation, xenophobia) \u2192 Thakur (soft imperialism, uncivil society)<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-fb\">\n<div class=\"pq-pill p3\"><span>Counter-view<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-ft\">liberal optimism (O&#039;Neill&#039;s gains) set against the Marxist-postcolonial charge of neo-imperialism and the dark side (Thakur) \u2014 one process, opposite readings<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-fb\">\n<div class=\"pq-pill p4\"><span>Conclusion routes<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-ft\">R1 intense because it is a double-edged sword with unevenly shared gains \u2192 contested across rival lenses prosperity for the liberal, new imperialism for the Marxist \u2192 hence the call for a humane, inclusive Globalisation 4.0<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"template":"","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"footnotes":""},"pyq_year":[40],"pyq_marks":[35],"pyq_topic":[73],"pyq_paper":[69],"class_list":["post-1429","psir_pyq","type-psir_pyq","status-publish","hentry","pyq_year-40","pyq_marks-15-marks","pyq_topic-globalisation","pyq_paper-paper-2"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/psir_pyq\/1429","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/psir_pyq"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/psir_pyq"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/psir_pyq\/1429\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3350,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/psir_pyq\/1429\/revisions\/3350"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1429"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"pyq_year","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pyq_year?post=1429"},{"taxonomy":"pyq_marks","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pyq_marks?post=1429"},{"taxonomy":"pyq_topic","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pyq_topic?post=1429"},{"taxonomy":"pyq_paper","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pyq_paper?post=1429"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}