{"id":1431,"date":"2026-08-09T19:11:54","date_gmt":"2026-08-09T13:41:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/psir-pyq\/critically-examine-the-impact-of-globalisation-on-the-developing-upsc-psir-2023-3008\/"},"modified":"2026-08-12T21:24:39","modified_gmt":"2026-08-12T15:54:39","slug":"critically-examine-the-impact-of-globalisation-on-the-developing-upsc-psir-2023-3008","status":"publish","type":"psir_pyq","link":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/psir-pyq\/critically-examine-the-impact-of-globalisation-on-the-developing-upsc-psir-2023-3008\/","title":{"rendered":"Critically examine the impact of Globalisation on the developing countries of the world."},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"pq-flow\">\n<div class=\"pq-flow-h\">Flow snapshot <em>\u2014 how the answer moves<\/em><\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-fb\">\n<div class=\"pq-pill p1\"><span>Intro routes<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-ft\">\n<p class=\"pq-r\"><i class=\"pq-rt\">Route 1<\/i> globalisation reshapes developing world (economic\/social\/cultural) <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> record two-sided <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> opportunity bundled with dependency + inequality<\/p>\n<p class=\"pq-r\"><i class=\"pq-rt\">Route 2<\/i> verdict neither rejection nor celebration <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> stake the line: the case is for reform<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-fb\">\n<div class=\"pq-pill p2\"><span>Body flow<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-ft\">\n<p>gains real: markets opened, exports + FDI up, growth (China, India), tech transfer <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> <b class=\"pq-sc\">Bhagwati<\/b> (<i>In Defence of Globalization<\/i>): tool against poverty <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> China 36% <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> 6%, Vietnam middle-income <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> social gains (health, education, exchange) <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> but gains unevenly captured <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> North = 23% of people, 85% of income <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> <b class=\"pq-sc\">Stiglitz<\/b>: rich\u2013poor gap widens, advanced nations reap disproportionate rewards <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> dependency school (<b class=\"pq-sc\">Frank<\/b>, <b class=\"pq-sc\">Wallerstein<\/b>): drain periphery <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> core = development of underdevelopment; Southern elites tied to MNCs <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> IMF\/WTO reliance narrows sovereignty, invites external shocks <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> cultural imperialism + environmental degradation + labour exploitation <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> <b class=\"pq-sc\">Roy<\/b>: \u201cmutant variety of colonialism\u201d<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-fb\">\n<div class=\"pq-pill p3\"><span>Counter-view<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-ft\">\n<p>against dependency pessimism <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> benefits real but conditional <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> <b class=\"pq-sc\">Sen<\/b>: gains need infrastructure + governance <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> <b class=\"pq-sc\">Stiglitz<\/b>: fix democratic deficit in IMF\/WTO<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-fb\">\n<div class=\"pq-pill p4\"><span>Conclusion routes<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-ft\">\n<p class=\"pq-r\"><i class=\"pq-rt\">Route 1<\/i> opportunity real, but present terms deepen dependency + inequality <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> reform, not rejection, for inclusive growth<\/p>\n<p class=\"pq-r\"><i class=\"pq-rt\">Route 2<\/i> double-edged process <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> the need is the right balance of openness and regulation<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"template":"","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"footnotes":""},"pyq_year":[34],"pyq_marks":[31],"pyq_topic":[73],"pyq_paper":[69],"class_list":["post-1431","psir_pyq","type-psir_pyq","status-publish","hentry","pyq_year-34","pyq_marks-20-marks","pyq_topic-globalisation","pyq_paper-paper-2"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/psir_pyq\/1431","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/psir_pyq"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/psir_pyq"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/psir_pyq\/1431\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4843,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/psir_pyq\/1431\/revisions\/4843"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1431"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"pyq_year","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pyq_year?post=1431"},{"taxonomy":"pyq_marks","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pyq_marks?post=1431"},{"taxonomy":"pyq_topic","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pyq_topic?post=1431"},{"taxonomy":"pyq_paper","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pyq_paper?post=1431"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}