{"id":1434,"date":"2026-08-09T19:11:55","date_gmt":"2026-08-09T13:41:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/psir-pyq\/critically-examine-the-functional-and-system-approaches-to-the-upsc-psir-2016-3101\/"},"modified":"2026-08-09T21:56:27","modified_gmt":"2026-08-09T16:26:27","slug":"critically-examine-the-functional-and-system-approaches-to-the-upsc-psir-2016-3101","status":"publish","type":"psir_pyq","link":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/psir-pyq\/critically-examine-the-functional-and-system-approaches-to-the-upsc-psir-2016-3101\/","title":{"rendered":"Critically examine the functional and system approaches to the study international relations."},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"pq-flow\">\n<div class=\"pq-flow-h\">Flow snapshot <em>&mdash; how the answer moves<\/em><\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-fb\">\n<div class=\"pq-pill p1\"><span>Intro routes<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-ft\">R1 both products of the behavioural turn \u2192 push IR past human nature \u2192 one to Intro routes cooperation, one to structure R2 two modern reactions against realism \u2192 institutions vs structure as the new lens<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-fb\">\n<div class=\"pq-pill p2\"><span>Body flow<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-ft\">Mitrany, &quot;form follows function&quot; \u2192 technical tasks build institutions + peace \u2192 Body flow loyalty-transfer assumption fails (nation-state legitimacy) \u2192 Haas neo-functionalism + spillover \u2192 ECSC &#8211; political integration \u2192 limits: European-only, Westphalian state persists, Eurocentric \u2192 systems approach: structure shapes units \u2192 Kaplan&#039;s models (BoP \/ bipolar \/ universal \/ hierarchical \/ unit-veto) \u2192 critics: Bull (intellectual exercise), Lieber (testability)<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-fb\">\n<div class=\"pq-pill p3\"><span>Counter-view<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-ft\">both remote from power, domestic politics, agency \u2192 systems too abstract and Counter-view untestable; functionalism idealises cooperation and stays Eurocentric<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-fb\">\n<div class=\"pq-pill p4\"><span>Conclusion routes<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-ft\">Rk! neither sufficient alone \u2192 functionalism reads cooperation, systems reads Conclusion routes structure R2 complement both by restoring power, history and agency<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"template":"","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"footnotes":""},"pyq_year":[42],"pyq_marks":[38],"pyq_topic":[74],"pyq_paper":[69],"class_list":["post-1434","psir_pyq","type-psir_pyq","status-publish","hentry","pyq_year-42","pyq_marks-10-marks","pyq_topic-approaches-to-the-study-of-international-relations","pyq_paper-paper-2"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/psir_pyq\/1434","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/psir_pyq"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/psir_pyq"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/psir_pyq\/1434\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2651,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/psir_pyq\/1434\/revisions\/2651"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1434"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"pyq_year","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pyq_year?post=1434"},{"taxonomy":"pyq_marks","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pyq_marks?post=1434"},{"taxonomy":"pyq_topic","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pyq_topic?post=1434"},{"taxonomy":"pyq_paper","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pyq_paper?post=1434"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}