{"id":1435,"date":"2026-08-09T19:11:55","date_gmt":"2026-08-09T13:41:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/psir-pyq\/bring-out-the-major-differences-between-the-classical-realism-of-upsc-psir-2013-3102\/"},"modified":"2026-08-12T21:24:40","modified_gmt":"2026-08-12T15:54:40","slug":"bring-out-the-major-differences-between-the-classical-realism-of-upsc-psir-2013-3102","status":"publish","type":"psir_pyq","link":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/psir-pyq\/bring-out-the-major-differences-between-the-classical-realism-of-upsc-psir-2013-3102\/","title":{"rendered":"Bring out the major differences between the Classical Realism of Hans Morgenthau and the Neorealism of Kenneth Waltz."},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"pq-flow\">\n<div class=\"pq-flow-h\">Flow snapshot <em>\u2014 how the answer moves<\/em><\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-fb\">\n<div class=\"pq-pill p1\"><span>Intro routes<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-ft\">\n<p class=\"pq-r\"><i class=\"pq-rt\">Route 1<\/i> common realist ground (power, anarchy, self-help) <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> one root difference: the <i>source<\/i> of the power-struggle<\/p>\n<p class=\"pq-r\"><i class=\"pq-rt\">Route 2<\/i> both realist <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> disagree on <i>where<\/i> power politics begins <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> that root drives every other difference<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-fb\">\n<div class=\"pq-pill p2\"><span>Body flow<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-ft\">\n<p><b class=\"pq-sc\">Morgenthau<\/b>: cause in human nature (<i>Politics Among Nations<\/i>, objective laws from that nature) <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> <b class=\"pq-sc\">Waltz<\/b>: cause in system structure (<i>Theory of International Politics<\/i>, anarchy + distribution of capabilities; leaders\/human nature downplayed, structure compels) <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> purpose of power: end (classical) vs means to survival (neorealism) <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> method: subjective\/philosophical vs systematic\/scientific, modelled on microeconomics <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> ethics: prudence present in <b class=\"pq-sc\">Morgenthau<\/b> vs largely absent in <b class=\"pq-sc\">Waltz<\/b><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-fb\">\n<div class=\"pq-pill p3\"><span>Counter-view<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-ft\">\n<p>despite the differences, both stay within realism <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> shared self-help + balance of power <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> a reworking of the foundation, not a break<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-fb\">\n<div class=\"pq-pill p4\"><span>Conclusion routes<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-ft\">\n<p class=\"pq-r\"><i class=\"pq-rt\">Route 1<\/i> evolution from a human-centric to a system-centric account of IR<\/p>\n<p class=\"pq-r\"><i class=\"pq-rt\">Route 2<\/i> structural rigour gained, but <b class=\"pq-sc\">Morgenthau<\/b>\u2019s attention to statecraft and ethics set aside<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"template":"","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"footnotes":""},"pyq_year":[46],"pyq_marks":[38],"pyq_topic":[74],"pyq_paper":[69],"class_list":["post-1435","psir_pyq","type-psir_pyq","status-publish","hentry","pyq_year-46","pyq_marks-10-marks","pyq_topic-approaches-to-the-study-of-international-relations","pyq_paper-paper-2"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/psir_pyq\/1435","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/psir_pyq"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/psir_pyq"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/psir_pyq\/1435\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4847,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/psir_pyq\/1435\/revisions\/4847"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1435"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"pyq_year","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pyq_year?post=1435"},{"taxonomy":"pyq_marks","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pyq_marks?post=1435"},{"taxonomy":"pyq_topic","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pyq_topic?post=1435"},{"taxonomy":"pyq_paper","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pyq_paper?post=1435"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}