{"id":1436,"date":"2026-08-09T19:11:55","date_gmt":"2026-08-09T13:41:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/psir-pyq\/what-are-the-core-assumptions-of-idealism-as-an-approach-to-study-upsc-psir-2020-3103\/"},"modified":"2026-08-12T21:24:41","modified_gmt":"2026-08-12T15:54:41","slug":"what-are-the-core-assumptions-of-idealism-as-an-approach-to-study-upsc-psir-2020-3103","status":"publish","type":"psir_pyq","link":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/psir-pyq\/what-are-the-core-assumptions-of-idealism-as-an-approach-to-study-upsc-psir-2020-3103\/","title":{"rendered":"What are the core assumptions of idealism as an approach to study international relations? Explain its continuing relevance in peace building."},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"pq-flow\">\n<div class=\"pq-flow-h\">Flow snapshot <em>\u2014 how the answer moves<\/em><\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-fb\">\n<div class=\"pq-pill p1\"><span>Intro routes<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-ft\">\n<p class=\"pq-r\"><i class=\"pq-rt\">Route 1<\/i> interwar liberal thought = idealism <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> Enlightenment faith: humans rational, world reformable <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> war removable, peace reachable<\/p>\n<p class=\"pq-r\"><i class=\"pq-rt\">Route 2<\/i> idealist optimism vs realist pessimism <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> good nature + shared interests <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> these very premises still drive peace-building<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-fb\">\n<div class=\"pq-pill p2\"><span>Body flow<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-ft\">\n<p>human nature good <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> war from bad institutions, not fixed drive <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> reform removes it <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> individuals primary, states pluralistic (group bargaining) <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> interests dynamic (self- + other-regarding) <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> mutual interests <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> cooperation without a hegemon <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> <b class=\"pq-sc\">Hoffmann<\/b>: self-restraint \/ moderation \/ compromise \/ peace <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> three pillars (institutions, interdependence, democracy) <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> <b class=\"pq-sc\">Couloumbis<\/b> &amp; <b class=\"pq-sc\">Wolfe<\/b>: \u201cart of good government\u201d <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> pillars carried into practice <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> <b class=\"pq-sc\">Kant<\/b> (republican constitutionalism + federation) <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> <b class=\"pq-sc\">Wilson<\/b> (collective security) <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> <b class=\"pq-sc\">Doyle<\/b> (democratic peace) <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> contemporary survival: UN, Paris Agreement, SDGs<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-fb\">\n<div class=\"pq-pill p3\"><span>Counter-view<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-ft\">\n<p>realists brand idealism utopian <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> its harmony-of-interests optimism doubted<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-fb\">\n<div class=\"pq-pill p4\"><span>Conclusion routes<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-ft\">\n<p class=\"pq-r\"><i class=\"pq-rt\">Route 1<\/i> assumptions are no utopian relic <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> enduring rule-based cooperation vindicates the institutional wager<\/p>\n<p class=\"pq-r\"><i class=\"pq-rt\">Route 2<\/i> idealism survives as the working logic of institution-based peace \u2014 sharpened by realism, not defeated by it<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"template":"","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"footnotes":""},"pyq_year":[41],"pyq_marks":[38],"pyq_topic":[74],"pyq_paper":[69],"class_list":["post-1436","psir_pyq","type-psir_pyq","status-publish","hentry","pyq_year-41","pyq_marks-10-marks","pyq_topic-approaches-to-the-study-of-international-relations","pyq_paper-paper-2"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/psir_pyq\/1436","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/psir_pyq"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/psir_pyq"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/psir_pyq\/1436\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4848,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/psir_pyq\/1436\/revisions\/4848"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1436"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"pyq_year","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pyq_year?post=1436"},{"taxonomy":"pyq_marks","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pyq_marks?post=1436"},{"taxonomy":"pyq_topic","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pyq_topic?post=1436"},{"taxonomy":"pyq_paper","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pyq_paper?post=1436"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}