{"id":1447,"date":"2026-08-09T19:11:56","date_gmt":"2026-08-09T13:41:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/psir-pyq\/discuss-the-changing-nature-of-modern-state-with-reference-to-upsc-psir-2017-3204\/"},"modified":"2026-08-12T21:24:44","modified_gmt":"2026-08-12T15:54:44","slug":"discuss-the-changing-nature-of-modern-state-with-reference-to-upsc-psir-2017-3204","status":"publish","type":"psir_pyq","link":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/psir-pyq\/discuss-the-changing-nature-of-modern-state-with-reference-to-upsc-psir-2017-3204\/","title":{"rendered":"Discuss the changing nature of modern state with reference to transnational actors."},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"pq-flow\">\n<div class=\"pq-flow-h\">Flow snapshot <em>\u2014 how the answer moves<\/em><\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-fb\">\n<div class=\"pq-pill p1\"><span>Intro routes<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-ft\">\n<p class=\"pq-r\"><i class=\"pq-rt\">Route 1<\/i> modern state = sole authority over security &amp; economy <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> transnational actors unsettle it <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> state now shares space it once held alone<\/p>\n<p class=\"pq-r\"><i class=\"pq-rt\">Route 2<\/i> modern state historically supreme within its borders <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> cross-border actors work independently of governments <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> line staked: state reshaped, not replaced<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-fb\">\n<div class=\"pq-pill p2\"><span>Body flow<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-ft\">\n<p><b class=\"pq-sc\">Thiel<\/b>: transnational actors = agents with trans-societal goals, apart from state control (MNCs, NGOs, terror\/criminal, diasporas) <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> MNCs \/ <b class=\"pq-sc\">Nye<\/b>: loss of control over currency &amp; trade <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> transfer mispricing + treaty shopping <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> extraterritoriality <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> diluted labour\/health regulation <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> NGOs \/ <b class=\"pq-sc\">Simmons<\/b>: agenda-setting, negotiating outcomes, conferring legitimacy <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> aid agencies bypass governments <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> suspected as Western agents (China, Russia, India) <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> terrorist\/non-state actors: security dilemma + distorted policy <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> FDI deterred <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> <b class=\"pq-sc\">Scholte<\/b>: states pushed into post-sovereign governance (Basel, OECD, FATF) <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> <b class=\"pq-sc\">Cooper<\/b>: European \u201cpostmodern states\u201d within security communities<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-fb\">\n<div class=\"pq-pill p3\"><span>Counter-view<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-ft\">\n<p>realist rejoinder, <b class=\"pq-sc\">Buzan<\/b> <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> state still the principal security provider <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> only body with both capacity to act and authority to define a threat<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-fb\">\n<div class=\"pq-pill p4\"><span>Conclusion routes<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-ft\">\n<p class=\"pq-r\"><i class=\"pq-rt\">Route 1<\/i> state transformed and constrained, but not displaced <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> remains central<\/p>\n<p class=\"pq-r\"><i class=\"pq-rt\">Route 2<\/i> authority now shared, sovereignty reshaped <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> state adapts via post-sovereign governance rather than dissolving<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"template":"","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"footnotes":""},"pyq_year":[45],"pyq_marks":[35],"pyq_topic":[75],"pyq_paper":[69],"class_list":["post-1447","psir_pyq","type-psir_pyq","status-publish","hentry","pyq_year-45","pyq_marks-15-marks","pyq_topic-key-concepts-in-international-relations","pyq_paper-paper-2"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/psir_pyq\/1447","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/psir_pyq"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/psir_pyq"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/psir_pyq\/1447\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4859,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/psir_pyq\/1447\/revisions\/4859"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1447"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"pyq_year","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pyq_year?post=1447"},{"taxonomy":"pyq_marks","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pyq_marks?post=1447"},{"taxonomy":"pyq_topic","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pyq_topic?post=1447"},{"taxonomy":"pyq_paper","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pyq_paper?post=1447"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}