{"id":1449,"date":"2026-08-09T19:11:56","date_gmt":"2026-08-09T13:41:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/psir-pyq\/some-feel-multinational-corporations-mncs-are-a-vital-new-road-to-upsc-psir-2013-3206\/"},"modified":"2026-08-09T21:56:28","modified_gmt":"2026-08-09T16:26:28","slug":"some-feel-multinational-corporations-mncs-are-a-vital-new-road-to-upsc-psir-2013-3206","status":"publish","type":"psir_pyq","link":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/psir-pyq\/some-feel-multinational-corporations-mncs-are-a-vital-new-road-to-upsc-psir-2013-3206\/","title":{"rendered":"\u201cSome feel Multinational Corporations (MNCs) are a vital new road to economic growth, whereas others feel they perpetuate underdevelopment.\u2019 Discuss."},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"pq-flow\">\n<div class=\"pq-flow-h\">Flow snapshot <em>&mdash; how the answer moves<\/em><\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-fb\">\n<div class=\"pq-pill p1\"><span>Intro routes<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-ft\">| a a R1 growth thesis (Friedman, Bhagwati) vs underdevelopment (Frank, Myrdal) \u00bb R2 growth # development; structural dependence obscured by GDP gains<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-fb\">\n<div class=\"pq-pill p2\"><span>Body flow<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-ft\">pro-growth: FDI, employment, knowledge transfer \u2192 BUT Frank&#039;s trap: wealth extraction \u2192 Myrdal\u2019s backwash \u2192 Nye\u2019s sovereignty mechanisms (mispricing, extraterritoriality) \u2192 Stiglitz: political autonomy lost \u2192 Wallerstein\u2019s core-periphery: unequal exchange entrenched<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-fb\">\n<div class=\"pq-pill p3\"><span>Counter-view<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-ft\">glocalisation (Appadurai), post-sovereign governance (Basel, OECD) as partial corrections \u2014 insufficient without structural control<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-fb\">\n<div class=\"pq-pill p4\"><span>Conclusion routes<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-ft\">es R1 growth alone is hollow; development requires ownership, autonomy, equity \u00bb R2 MNCs generate growth within a structure that perpetuates underdevelopment<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"template":"","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"footnotes":""},"pyq_year":[46],"pyq_marks":[35],"pyq_topic":[75],"pyq_paper":[69],"class_list":["post-1449","psir_pyq","type-psir_pyq","status-publish","hentry","pyq_year-46","pyq_marks-15-marks","pyq_topic-key-concepts-in-international-relations","pyq_paper-paper-2"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/psir_pyq\/1449","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/psir_pyq"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/psir_pyq"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/psir_pyq\/1449\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2666,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/psir_pyq\/1449\/revisions\/2666"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1449"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"pyq_year","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pyq_year?post=1449"},{"taxonomy":"pyq_marks","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pyq_marks?post=1449"},{"taxonomy":"pyq_topic","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pyq_topic?post=1449"},{"taxonomy":"pyq_paper","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pyq_paper?post=1449"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}