{"id":1453,"date":"2026-08-09T19:11:56","date_gmt":"2026-08-09T13:41:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/psir-pyq\/discuss-the-evolution-of-non-proliferation-of-nuclear-weapons-in-upsc-psir-2016-3301\/"},"modified":"2026-08-12T21:24:46","modified_gmt":"2026-08-12T15:54:46","slug":"discuss-the-evolution-of-non-proliferation-of-nuclear-weapons-in-upsc-psir-2016-3301","status":"publish","type":"psir_pyq","link":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/psir-pyq\/discuss-the-evolution-of-non-proliferation-of-nuclear-weapons-in-upsc-psir-2016-3301\/","title":{"rendered":"Discuss the evolution of non-proliferation of nuclear weapons in the post-Cold War period."},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"pq-flow\">\n<div class=\"pq-flow-h\">Flow snapshot <em>\u2014 how the answer moves<\/em><\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-fb\">\n<div class=\"pq-pill p1\"><span>Intro routes<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-ft\">\n<p class=\"pq-r\"><i class=\"pq-rt\">Route 1<\/i> regime built for two-power management <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> after 1991 agenda widens, authority does not <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> that gap = the evolution<\/p>\n<p class=\"pq-r\"><i class=\"pq-rt\">Route 2<\/i> post-1991 record = new treaties, new summits, a prohibition <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> none of them binds the states holding the weapons<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-fb\">\n<div class=\"pq-pill p2\"><span>Body flow<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-ft\">\n<p>NPT stays the core <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> 1995 indefinite extension = permanence <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> <b class=\"pq-sc\">Perkovich<\/b>: India, Pakistan outside, non-recognition <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> 1995 freezes the exclusion <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> deepening stalls: CTBT (1996) not in force, FMCT blocked by US + other weapon states <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> growth turns sideways <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> GICNT (2006): non-state actors, nuclear terrorism <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> Obama push: Prague (2009), UNSC 1887, four Nuclear Security Summits <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> energy renewed, arsenals stay <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> 2017 prohibition treaty: first comprehensive ban, no nuclear power inside<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-fb\">\n<div class=\"pq-pill p3\"><span>Counter-view<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-ft\">\n<p><b class=\"pq-sc\">Waltz<\/b>: weapons kept the Cold War cold <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> holders will not disarm what they credit with peace <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> US\u2013Russia competition revived, New START expiring 2026<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-fb\">\n<div class=\"pq-pill p4\"><span>Conclusion routes<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-ft\">\n<p class=\"pq-r\"><i class=\"pq-rt\">Route 1<\/i> <b class=\"pq-sc\">Simpson<\/b>: under-delivery since the 1990s (Iran, North Korea) <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> universal, verifiable, non-discriminatory process <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> non-proliferation now, disarmament later<\/p>\n<p class=\"pq-r\"><i class=\"pq-rt\">Route 2<\/i> the period added instruments, not authority <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> the regime grew in law while consent stayed where 1991 left it<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"template":"","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"footnotes":""},"pyq_year":[42],"pyq_marks":[35],"pyq_topic":[76],"pyq_paper":[69],"class_list":["post-1453","psir_pyq","type-psir_pyq","status-publish","hentry","pyq_year-42","pyq_marks-15-marks","pyq_topic-changing-international-political-order","pyq_paper-paper-2"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/psir_pyq\/1453","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/psir_pyq"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/psir_pyq"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/psir_pyq\/1453\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4865,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/psir_pyq\/1453\/revisions\/4865"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1453"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"pyq_year","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pyq_year?post=1453"},{"taxonomy":"pyq_marks","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pyq_marks?post=1453"},{"taxonomy":"pyq_topic","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pyq_topic?post=1453"},{"taxonomy":"pyq_paper","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pyq_paper?post=1453"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}