{"id":1454,"date":"2026-08-09T19:11:56","date_gmt":"2026-08-09T13:41:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/psir-pyq\/explain-the-socio-economic-impacts-of-arms-race-and-identify-the-upsc-psir-2016-3302\/"},"modified":"2026-08-09T21:56:29","modified_gmt":"2026-08-09T16:26:29","slug":"explain-the-socio-economic-impacts-of-arms-race-and-identify-the-upsc-psir-2016-3302","status":"publish","type":"psir_pyq","link":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/psir-pyq\/explain-the-socio-economic-impacts-of-arms-race-and-identify-the-upsc-psir-2016-3302\/","title":{"rendered":"Explain the socio-economic impacts of arms race and identify the obstacles in the way of disarmament."},"content":{"rendered":"
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Flow snapshot — how the answer moves<\/em><\/div>\n
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Intro routes<\/span><\/div>\n
R1 arms race = competitive acquisition + advancement of military capability \u2192 burden falls on economies and societies \u2192 yet weapons stay, because they are believed to buy security \u2192 disarmament stalls in that gap R2 the Cold War priced the race: debt, welfare foregone, a collapsed USSR \u2192 yet no state surrendered the bomb \u2192 obstacle lies in what the bomb is thought to be worth, and in a regime the excluded call unequal<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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Body flow<\/span><\/div>\n
economic damage first \u2192 debt + dependency for arms importers \u2192 India-Pakistan missile competition \u2192 Reagan's renewed nuclear race + SDI (1983), never realised \u2192 strain \u2192 collapse of the USSR \u2192 economy could not match capitalist living standards \u2192 social cost = what goes unspent \u2014 armaments money withheld from human welfare \u2014 world under a "balance of terror" \u2014 peak: Cuban Missile Crisis \u2014 hinge: Gavin \u2014 the race also built a deterrent that prevented direct superpower conflict; Waltz \u2014 nuclear weapons kept the Cold War "cold" \u2014 that belief is obstacle 1: no state gives up what it thinks keeps it safe \u2192 obstacle 2: the regime is itself unequal \u2192 Perkovich \u2014 India + Pakistan outside NPT, unrecognised as NWS \u2014 1995 indefinite extension read as discriminatory \u2192 NWS resistance blocks CTBT + FMCT \u2192 2017 ban treaty: no major nuclear power in it \u2192 verification hard \u2192 moral pressure fails on Iran \/ North Korea \u2192 China will not scrap its arsenal \u2192 Perkovich & Acton \u2014 weakened US umbrella \u2192 Japan + South Korea towards the bomb<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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Counter-view<\/span><\/div>\n
Kissinger \u2014 deterrence assumes rational actors \u2192 the security defence relied on by every nuclear state is itself unsafe<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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Conclusion routes<\/span><\/div>\n
R1 Simpson \u2014 universal + verifiable + non-discriminatory process \u2192 cost alone has never disarmed anyone \u2014 India's No First Use shows restraint is possible \u2192 it spreads only when the excluded accept the order as equal R2 the obstacle is political, not technical \u2192 verification can be engineered, equality cannot be faked \u2192 India's No First Use as the model \u2192 Simpson's three conditions as the way forward<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"template":"","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"footnotes":""},"pyq_year":[42],"pyq_marks":[31],"pyq_topic":[76],"pyq_paper":[69],"class_list":["post-1454","psir_pyq","type-psir_pyq","status-publish","hentry","pyq_year-42","pyq_marks-20-marks","pyq_topic-changing-international-political-order","pyq_paper-paper-2"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/psir_pyq\/1454","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/psir_pyq"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/psir_pyq"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/psir_pyq\/1454\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3356,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/psir_pyq\/1454\/revisions\/3356"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1454"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"pyq_year","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pyq_year?post=1454"},{"taxonomy":"pyq_marks","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pyq_marks?post=1454"},{"taxonomy":"pyq_topic","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pyq_topic?post=1454"},{"taxonomy":"pyq_paper","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pyq_paper?post=1454"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}