{"id":1456,"date":"2026-08-09T19:11:57","date_gmt":"2026-08-09T13:41:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/psir-pyq\/discuss-the-consequences-of-trumps-america-first-and-xis-chinese-upsc-psir-2013-3304\/"},"modified":"2026-08-12T21:24:47","modified_gmt":"2026-08-12T15:54:47","slug":"discuss-the-consequences-of-trumps-america-first-and-xis-chinese-upsc-psir-2013-3304","status":"publish","type":"psir_pyq","link":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/psir-pyq\/discuss-the-consequences-of-trumps-america-first-and-xis-chinese-upsc-psir-2013-3304\/","title":{"rendered":"Discuss the consequences of Trump&#8217;s &#8220;America First&#8221; and Xi&#8217;s &#8220;Chinese Dream&#8221; on World Politics."},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"pq-flow\">\n<div class=\"pq-flow-h\">Flow snapshot <em>\u2014 how the answer moves<\/em><\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-fb\">\n<div class=\"pq-pill p1\"><span>Intro routes<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-ft\">\n<p class=\"pq-r\"><i class=\"pq-rt\">Route 1<\/i> define both (America First, 2016: nationalist, unilateralist \/ Chinese Dream, 2013: national rejuvenation, return of the Middle Kingdom) <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> US steps back, China steps in <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> halves of one power transition<\/p>\n<p class=\"pq-r\"><i class=\"pq-rt\">Route 2<\/i> the order\u2019s architect retreats while its challenger advances <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> one process, not two <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> world politics reshaped but not settled<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-fb\">\n<div class=\"pq-pill p2\"><span>Body flow<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-ft\">\n<p>America First in practice (patriotism over globalism, UN 2018 <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> TPP abandoned <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> WTO dispute settlement blocked <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> JCPOA scrapped <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> allied burden-sharing) <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> <b class=\"pq-sc\">Krauthammer<\/b> \/ <b class=\"pq-sc\">Wright<\/b>: return of mercantilism <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> Chinese Dream in practice (China-centric globalisation: AIIB against Bretton Woods <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> BRI <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> A2\/AD for regional hegemony) <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> East and South China Seas: territorial status quo and international law rejected <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> decline of <i>Pax Americana<\/i> <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> <b class=\"pq-sc\">Allison<\/b>: Thucydides Trap <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> balancing responses: Quad, Indo-Pacific, Cold War 2.0 <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> <b class=\"pq-sc\">Chellaney<\/b>: G-2 trap, forced choice for third states<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-fb\">\n<div class=\"pq-pill p3\"><span>Counter-view<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-ft\">\n<p>China\u2019s counter-claim: it is the status quo power, the US the real revisionist (decades of spreading liberalism and markets) <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> <b class=\"pq-sc\">Ikenberry<\/b> \/ <b class=\"pq-sc\">Nye<\/b>: this phase more complex than Cold War 1 \u2014 interdependence, not ideology<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-fb\">\n<div class=\"pq-pill p4\"><span>Conclusion routes<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-ft\">\n<p class=\"pq-r\"><i class=\"pq-rt\">Route 1<\/i> <b class=\"pq-sc\">Hass<\/b> \/ <b class=\"pq-sc\">Rapp-Hooper<\/b>: no consensus on net impact <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> order reshaped, not settled<\/p>\n<p class=\"pq-r\"><i class=\"pq-rt\">Route 2<\/i> the shape of the transition stays open <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> it turns on how the transition is managed<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"template":"","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"footnotes":""},"pyq_year":[46],"pyq_marks":[35],"pyq_topic":[76],"pyq_paper":[69],"class_list":["post-1456","psir_pyq","type-psir_pyq","status-publish","hentry","pyq_year-46","pyq_marks-15-marks","pyq_topic-changing-international-political-order","pyq_paper-paper-2"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/psir_pyq\/1456","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/psir_pyq"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/psir_pyq"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/psir_pyq\/1456\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4868,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/psir_pyq\/1456\/revisions\/4868"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1456"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"pyq_year","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pyq_year?post=1456"},{"taxonomy":"pyq_marks","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pyq_marks?post=1456"},{"taxonomy":"pyq_topic","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pyq_topic?post=1456"},{"taxonomy":"pyq_paper","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pyq_paper?post=1456"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}