{"id":1461,"date":"2026-08-09T19:11:57","date_gmt":"2026-08-09T13:41:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/psir-pyq\/discuss-the-relevance-of-the-normative-ethos-of-the-non-aligned-upsc-psir-2023-3309\/"},"modified":"2026-08-12T21:24:49","modified_gmt":"2026-08-12T15:54:49","slug":"discuss-the-relevance-of-the-normative-ethos-of-the-non-aligned-upsc-psir-2023-3309","status":"publish","type":"psir_pyq","link":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/psir-pyq\/discuss-the-relevance-of-the-normative-ethos-of-the-non-aligned-upsc-psir-2023-3309\/","title":{"rendered":"Discuss the relevance of the normative ethos of the Non-Aligned Movement in magnifying India&#8217;s soft power in pursuit of her national interest."},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"pq-flow\">\n<div class=\"pq-flow-h\">Flow snapshot <em>\u2014 how the answer moves<\/em><\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-fb\">\n<div class=\"pq-pill p1\"><span>Intro routes<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-ft\">\n<p class=\"pq-r\"><i class=\"pq-rt\">Route 1<\/i> <b class=\"pq-sc\">Nye<\/b>: soft power = attraction, not coercion <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> others follow because they admire the values <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> India\u2019s attraction sourced in NAM\u2019s normative ethos <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> ethos outlives the movement<\/p>\n<p class=\"pq-r\"><i class=\"pq-rt\">Route 2<\/i> 1947: no economic or military capability <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> values the only usable currency <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> non-alignment chosen as India\u2019s instrument of influence<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-fb\">\n<div class=\"pq-pill p2\"><span>Body flow<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-ft\">\n<p>ethos named: sovereignty, non-interference, anti-colonialism, anti-imperialism, peaceful coexistence (Havana Declaration, 1979) <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> <b class=\"pq-sc\">Lehmann<\/b>: capability deficit <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> non-alignment as soft-power instrument <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> T. V. <b class=\"pq-sc\">Paul<\/b>: limited soft balancing, naming and shaming <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> partial credit: decolonisation, containing proliferation <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> ethos survives in new instruments <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> <b class=\"pq-sc\">Jaishankar<\/b>: era over, independence of action continues; rejection \u2260 rush to alignment <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> reframed as strategic autonomy <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> legitimises balancing among major powers <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> South\u2013South: ITEC, International Solar Alliance <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> anti-colonial memory becomes standing in the Global South<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-fb\">\n<div class=\"pq-pill p3\"><span>Counter-view<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-ft\">\n<p><b class=\"pq-sc\">Nehru<\/b> at Belgrade: tests condemned, initiator unnamed <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> equidistance can equate aggressor and victim <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> attraction fades once impartiality looks contrived <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> <b class=\"pq-sc\">Mehta<\/b>: contingent balancing \u2014 Washington after 1962, Soviet treaty of 1971 <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> <b class=\"pq-sc\">Pant<\/b>: movement dying, drop old shibboleths<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-fb\">\n<div class=\"pq-pill p4\"><span>Conclusion routes<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-ft\">\n<p class=\"pq-r\"><i class=\"pq-rt\">Route 1<\/i> platform thinned, vocabulary intact <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> <b class=\"pq-sc\">Shankar<\/b>: bridge and balancing third pole between US and China <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> values that once made up for weakness now add to strength<\/p>\n<p class=\"pq-r\"><i class=\"pq-rt\">Route 2<\/i> relevance shifts from organisation to ethos <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> strategic autonomy as non-alignment\u2019s afterlife <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> soft power serves interest only while the values stay credible<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"template":"","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"footnotes":""},"pyq_year":[34],"pyq_marks":[31],"pyq_topic":[76],"pyq_paper":[69],"class_list":["post-1461","psir_pyq","type-psir_pyq","status-publish","hentry","pyq_year-34","pyq_marks-20-marks","pyq_topic-changing-international-political-order","pyq_paper-paper-2"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/psir_pyq\/1461","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/psir_pyq"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/psir_pyq"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/psir_pyq\/1461\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4873,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/psir_pyq\/1461\/revisions\/4873"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1461"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"pyq_year","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pyq_year?post=1461"},{"taxonomy":"pyq_marks","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pyq_marks?post=1461"},{"taxonomy":"pyq_topic","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pyq_topic?post=1461"},{"taxonomy":"pyq_paper","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pyq_paper?post=1461"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}