{"id":1466,"date":"2026-08-09T19:11:58","date_gmt":"2026-08-09T13:41:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/psir-pyq\/the-imf-world-bank-g-7-gatt-and-other-structures-are-designed-to-upsc-psir-2016-3402\/"},"modified":"2026-08-12T21:24:50","modified_gmt":"2026-08-12T15:54:50","slug":"the-imf-world-bank-g-7-gatt-and-other-structures-are-designed-to-upsc-psir-2016-3402","status":"publish","type":"psir_pyq","link":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/psir-pyq\/the-imf-world-bank-g-7-gatt-and-other-structures-are-designed-to-upsc-psir-2016-3402\/","title":{"rendered":"\u201cThe IMF, World Bank, G-7, GATT and other structures are designed to serve the interests of TNCs, banks and investment firms in a \u2018new imperial age\u2019\u201d Substantiate with examples of governance of new world order."},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"pq-flow\">\n<div class=\"pq-flow-h\">Flow snapshot <em>\u2014 how the answer moves<\/em><\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-fb\">\n<div class=\"pq-pill p1\"><span>Intro routes<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-ft\">\n<p class=\"pq-r\"><i class=\"pq-rt\">Route 1<\/i> <b class=\"pq-sc\">Cox<\/b>: institutions never neutral, carry the interests of their builders <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> <b class=\"pq-sc\">Chomsky<\/b>: IMF\/World Bank as instruments of TNCs and wealthy investors <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> test the charge at three sites of governance: votes, loan conditions, trade rules<\/p>\n<p class=\"pq-r\"><i class=\"pq-rt\">Route 2<\/i> design settled at the founding: <b class=\"pq-sc\">White<\/b>\u2019s dollar supremacy defeats <b class=\"pq-sc\">Keynes<\/b>\u2019s neutral reserve currency <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> creditor power wrote the rules <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> \u201cnew imperial age\u201d is a claim about design, not accident<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-fb\">\n<div class=\"pq-pill p2\"><span>Body flow<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-ft\">\n<p><i>votes<\/i>: White over Keynes <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> quota system freezes the advantage <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> US ~16.5% + 85% rule = veto <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> G-7, 4% of membership, 43% of Board power <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> European MD, American Bank President <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> <b class=\"pq-sc\">Strange<\/b>\u2019s \u201cstructural bias\u201d <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> <i>loan conditions<\/i>: SAP austerity, privatisation, market opening <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> Washington Consensus <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> served corporations, banks, investors ahead of borrowers <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> <b class=\"pq-sc\">Stiglitz<\/b>: uniform formula, worse outcomes in the South, 1997 East Asian crisis <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> <i>trade rules<\/i>: GATT liberalisation selective <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> <b class=\"pq-sc\">McCalla and Nash<\/b>: agriculture and textiles least covered <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> services and IP bound tightly instead <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> <b class=\"pq-sc\">Nathan<\/b>: patent monopolies capture value-chain profits <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> <i>enforcement one-way<\/i>: US blocks Appellate Body appointments, funding cut December 2019<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-fb\">\n<div class=\"pq-pill p3\"><span>Counter-view<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-ft\">\n<p>machinery not only extractive <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> <b class=\"pq-sc\">Gilpin<\/b>: WTO\u2019s rules-based regime gives predictability, discourages trade wars <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> Fund credit still steadies economies in crisis<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-fb\">\n<div class=\"pq-pill p4\"><span>Conclusion routes<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-ft\">\n<p class=\"pq-r\"><i class=\"pq-rt\">Route 1<\/i> asymmetry sits in the rules themselves \u2014 that is what \u201cnew imperial age\u201d names <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> South no longer only petitions: quota reform, AIIB, NDB now contest who writes them<\/p>\n<p class=\"pq-r\"><i class=\"pq-rt\">Route 2<\/i> the design charge holds precisely at votes and enforcement <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> reform is judged there, not in rhetoric <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> <b class=\"pq-sc\">Gilpin<\/b>\u2019s rules-based order survives only if authorship widens<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"template":"","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"footnotes":""},"pyq_year":[42],"pyq_marks":[31],"pyq_topic":[77],"pyq_paper":[69],"class_list":["post-1466","psir_pyq","type-psir_pyq","status-publish","hentry","pyq_year-42","pyq_marks-20-marks","pyq_topic-evolution-of-the-international-economic-system","pyq_paper-paper-2"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/psir_pyq\/1466","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/psir_pyq"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/psir_pyq"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/psir_pyq\/1466\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4878,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/psir_pyq\/1466\/revisions\/4878"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1466"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"pyq_year","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pyq_year?post=1466"},{"taxonomy":"pyq_marks","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pyq_marks?post=1466"},{"taxonomy":"pyq_topic","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pyq_topic?post=1466"},{"taxonomy":"pyq_paper","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pyq_paper?post=1466"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}