{"id":1467,"date":"2026-08-09T19:11:58","date_gmt":"2026-08-09T13:41:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/psir-pyq\/how-are-the-rising-powers-challenging-the-usa-and-western-upsc-psir-2019-3403\/"},"modified":"2026-08-09T21:56:29","modified_gmt":"2026-08-09T16:26:29","slug":"how-are-the-rising-powers-challenging-the-usa-and-western-upsc-psir-2019-3403","status":"publish","type":"psir_pyq","link":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/psir-pyq\/how-are-the-rising-powers-challenging-the-usa-and-western-upsc-psir-2019-3403\/","title":{"rendered":"How are the rising powers challenging the USA and Western dominance in the IMF and the World Bank?"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"pq-flow\">\n<div class=\"pq-flow-h\">Flow snapshot <em>&mdash; how the answer moves<\/em><\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-fb\">\n<div class=\"pq-pill p1\"><span>Intro routes<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-ft\">Track 1 (inside): votes must follow economic weight \u2014 2010 quota package (~6% shift; India 2.3 \u2192 2.6, China 3.8 6) \u2014 contest the European-MD \/ American- President convention \u2192 BRICS bargain as a bloc &#8211; India\u2019s 2023 G20 presidency presses reform ~\u2014 Track 2 (outside): AIIB \/ NDB \/ BRICS CRA \u2192 finance and liquidity without conditionality (Stiglitz: conditionality deepened the 1997 Asian crisis) \u2192 Woods: a different development paradigm \u2014 infrastructure, industrialisation, poverty reduction over neoliberal prescription \u2192 exit works back as leverage inside \u2014 Kahler: \u201cresponsible stakeholders\u201d or parallel institutions<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-fb\">\n<div class=\"pq-pill p2\"><span>Body flow<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-ft\">veto survives \u2192 leadership convention holds \u2192 quota shifts too small to move the balance \u2014 Weiss: incremental reform cannot answer an obsolete architecture \u2014 new banks may fragment rather than replace<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-fb\">\n<div class=\"pq-pill p3\"><span>Counter-view<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-ft\">rR) gains real but partial. monopoly over development finance broken, control of the twins intact \u2192 drift from Kindleberger\u2019s hegemonic stability towards Keohane-Nye complex interdependence R2 close on Kahler\u2019s fork \u2192 the West&#039;s choice is to accommodate the rising powers inside or watch the parallel architecture grow outside \u2014 reform is the price of keeping the twins central<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"template":"","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"footnotes":""},"pyq_year":[37],"pyq_marks":[31],"pyq_topic":[77],"pyq_paper":[69],"class_list":["post-1467","psir_pyq","type-psir_pyq","status-publish","hentry","pyq_year-37","pyq_marks-20-marks","pyq_topic-evolution-of-the-international-economic-system","pyq_paper-paper-2"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/psir_pyq\/1467","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/psir_pyq"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/psir_pyq"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/psir_pyq\/1467\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3363,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/psir_pyq\/1467\/revisions\/3363"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1467"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"pyq_year","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pyq_year?post=1467"},{"taxonomy":"pyq_marks","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pyq_marks?post=1467"},{"taxonomy":"pyq_topic","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pyq_topic?post=1467"},{"taxonomy":"pyq_paper","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pyq_paper?post=1467"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}