{"id":1468,"date":"2026-08-09T19:11:58","date_gmt":"2026-08-09T13:41:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/psir-pyq\/critically-evaluate-the-role-of-the-united-states-of-america-in-upsc-psir-2020-3404\/"},"modified":"2026-08-09T21:56:29","modified_gmt":"2026-08-09T16:26:29","slug":"critically-evaluate-the-role-of-the-united-states-of-america-in-upsc-psir-2020-3404","status":"publish","type":"psir_pyq","link":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/psir-pyq\/critically-evaluate-the-role-of-the-united-states-of-america-in-upsc-psir-2020-3404\/","title":{"rendered":"Critically evaluate the role of the United States of America in the World Trade Organisation (WTO) dispute settlement mechanism and its implications for the future of the WTO."},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"pq-flow\">\n<div class=\"pq-flow-h\">Flow snapshot <em>&mdash; how the answer moves<\/em><\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-fb\">\n<div class=\"pq-pill p1\"><span>Intro routes<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-ft\">panel \u2014 standing Appellate Body of 7, minimum 3 to hear a case \u2014 Gilpin: rules- based regime lends predictability, discourages trade wars \u2014 but US backing conditional from birth (Uruguay Round: pressing others on farm subsidies while holding Super 301 in reserve) \u2192 reservation becomes policy &#8211; US claim: Body strayed beyond the DSU on its anti-dumping \/ countervailing measures \u2014 appointments blocked + funding cut, December 2019 \u2014 Body down to one member, appeals dead \u2192 Ravi Kanth: a working court obstructed US unilateralism &#8211; Weiler: legitimacy crisis \u2192 compliance incentive falls \u2014 drift to CPTPP \/ RCEP &#8211; Stiglitz: fragmentation, rule-setting eroded<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-fb\">\n<div class=\"pq-pill p2\"><span>Body flow<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-ft\">US grievance not baseless: members failed to write new rules (Chinese state subsidies in steel, technology), so adjudication filled a gap negotiation left \u2014 but Deepak: the imperfect mechanism still curbed unfair trade practices<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-fb\">\n<div class=\"pq-pill p3\"><span>Counter-view<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-ft\">ri India-EU repair: restore the appellate tier, bar unilateral measures, centre reform on development R2 left unrepaired, the WTO drifts back toward the GATT it replaced, and the predictability Washington itself once sought goes with it<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"template":"","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"footnotes":""},"pyq_year":[41],"pyq_marks":[35],"pyq_topic":[77],"pyq_paper":[69],"class_list":["post-1468","psir_pyq","type-psir_pyq","status-publish","hentry","pyq_year-41","pyq_marks-15-marks","pyq_topic-evolution-of-the-international-economic-system","pyq_paper-paper-2"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/psir_pyq\/1468","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/psir_pyq"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/psir_pyq"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/psir_pyq\/1468\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3364,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/psir_pyq\/1468\/revisions\/3364"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1468"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"pyq_year","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pyq_year?post=1468"},{"taxonomy":"pyq_marks","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pyq_marks?post=1468"},{"taxonomy":"pyq_topic","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pyq_topic?post=1468"},{"taxonomy":"pyq_paper","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pyq_paper?post=1468"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}