{"id":1469,"date":"2026-08-09T19:11:58","date_gmt":"2026-08-09T13:41:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/psir-pyq\/explain-the-significance-and-importance-of-the-demand-raised-by-upsc-psir-2020-3405\/"},"modified":"2026-08-12T21:24:51","modified_gmt":"2026-08-12T15:54:51","slug":"explain-the-significance-and-importance-of-the-demand-raised-by-upsc-psir-2020-3405","status":"publish","type":"psir_pyq","link":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/psir-pyq\/explain-the-significance-and-importance-of-the-demand-raised-by-upsc-psir-2020-3405\/","title":{"rendered":"Explain the significance and importance of the demand raised by the developing countries for a New International Economic Order (NIEO). Are they likely to achieve their objectives of the NIEO in foreseeable future."},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"pq-flow\">\n<div class=\"pq-flow-h\">Flow snapshot <em>\u2014 how the answer moves<\/em><\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-fb\">\n<div class=\"pq-pill p1\"><span>Intro routes<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-ft\">\n<p class=\"pq-r\"><i class=\"pq-rt\">Route 1<\/i> decolonisation = sovereignty without economic power <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> NIEO carried by 1974 Declaration + <i>Charter of Economic Rights and Duties<\/i> <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> it <i>names<\/i> the order neo-colonial <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> inequality becomes a question of rules, not charity<\/p>\n<p class=\"pq-r\"><i class=\"pq-rt\">Route 2<\/i> open from the asymmetry (\u224880% of population, under 20% of resources) <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> <b class=\"pq-sc\">Prebisch<\/b> on terms of trade <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> hence a demand for structural change, not more aid <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> same claim: rules, not charity<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-fb\">\n<div class=\"pq-pill p2\"><span>Body flow<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-ft\">\n<p>material grievance: ~80% population \/ &lt;20% resources <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> <b class=\"pq-sc\">Prebisch<\/b>: terms of trade; South in primary commodities, North in manufactures <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> \u201ctrade not aid\u201d agenda: commodity prices <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> resource sovereignty <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> control of MNCs <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> technology transfer <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> real vote in IMF\/World Bank <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> machinery: G-77 + NAM <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> <b class=\"pq-sc\">Indira Gandhi<\/b>, Algiers 1973: political independence incomplete without economic independence <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> <i>pivot<\/i>: the power the demand challenged decided its fate <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> <b class=\"pq-sc\">Wallerstein<\/b>: attack on the hegemonic capitalist order, defended by entrenched powers <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> North plays for time, splits G-77 <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> cartels defect <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> Washington Consensus displaces the agenda <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> structural residue: US ~16.5% of IMF votes + effective veto <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> <b class=\"pq-sc\">Strange<\/b>: \u201cstructural bias\u201d<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-fb\">\n<div class=\"pq-pill p3\"><span>Counter-view<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-ft\">\n<p>the demand is not dead <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> objectives advance in fragments: 2010 quota shift <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> NDB + AIIB lending without harsh conditionality <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> climate talks where the G-77 presses equity and historical responsibility<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-fb\">\n<div class=\"pq-pill p4\"><span>Conclusion routes<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-ft\">\n<p class=\"pq-r\"><i class=\"pq-rt\">Route 1<\/i> full NIEO improbable; power is not redistributed on request <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> foreseeable future gives more voice, technology access, South\u2013South cooperation, not a new order<\/p>\n<p class=\"pq-r\"><i class=\"pq-rt\">Route 2<\/i> the NIEO survives as an argument rather than as an order <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> gains come inside the system, not by replacing it<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"template":"","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"footnotes":""},"pyq_year":[41],"pyq_marks":[35],"pyq_topic":[77],"pyq_paper":[69],"class_list":["post-1469","psir_pyq","type-psir_pyq","status-publish","hentry","pyq_year-41","pyq_marks-15-marks","pyq_topic-evolution-of-the-international-economic-system","pyq_paper-paper-2"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/psir_pyq\/1469","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/psir_pyq"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/psir_pyq"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/psir_pyq\/1469\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4881,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/psir_pyq\/1469\/revisions\/4881"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1469"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"pyq_year","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pyq_year?post=1469"},{"taxonomy":"pyq_marks","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pyq_marks?post=1469"},{"taxonomy":"pyq_topic","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pyq_topic?post=1469"},{"taxonomy":"pyq_paper","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pyq_paper?post=1469"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}