{"id":1470,"date":"2026-08-09T19:11:58","date_gmt":"2026-08-09T13:41:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/psir-pyq\/identify-and-evaluate-the-reasons-for-deadlock-in-the-wto-upsc-psir-2022-3406\/"},"modified":"2026-08-12T21:24:52","modified_gmt":"2026-08-12T15:54:52","slug":"identify-and-evaluate-the-reasons-for-deadlock-in-the-wto-upsc-psir-2022-3406","status":"publish","type":"psir_pyq","link":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/psir-pyq\/identify-and-evaluate-the-reasons-for-deadlock-in-the-wto-upsc-psir-2022-3406\/","title":{"rendered":"Identify and evaluate the reasons for deadlock in the WTO negotiations on fisheries between the developing and developed countries."},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"pq-flow\">\n<div class=\"pq-flow-h\">Flow snapshot <em>\u2014 how the answer moves<\/em><\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-fb\">\n<div class=\"pq-pill p1\"><span>Intro routes<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-ft\">\n<p class=\"pq-r\"><i class=\"pq-rt\">Route 1<\/i> talks from 2001 <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> two decades <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> only a partial deal <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> science of depletion is agreed <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> the fight is over the rule-writing principle<\/p>\n<p class=\"pq-r\"><i class=\"pq-rt\">Route 2<\/i> uniform non-discrimination vs differentiated responsibility <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> who built the overcapacity decides who cuts<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-fb\">\n<div class=\"pq-pill p2\"><span>Body flow<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-ft\">\n<p>~US$35 bn\/year subsidies, ~22% on fuel <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> distant-water fleets pushed into poorer states\u2019 EEZs <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> that capacity rests on capital + technology the South lacks <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> CBDR + polluter-pays <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> two sides solving <i>different problems<\/i>: conservation (Friends of Fish; caps on capacity-enhancing subsidies) vs livelihood (3 bn people, one-fifth of animal protein) <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> India: prohibitions only outside territorial waters, fuel rebates + motorisation spared <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> crunch point = SDT <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> 25-year phase-out vs ~7 <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> draft still bracketed on fuel and vessel subsidies <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> SDT is not alien to the WTO (extra time already granted) <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> <b class=\"pq-sc\">Stiglitz \/ Rodrik<\/b> on policy space<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-fb\">\n<div class=\"pq-pill p3\"><span>Counter-view<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-ft\">\n<p>developed case is not simple obstruction <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> stocks 90% (1974) <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> 65.8% (2017), so delay carries a cost <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> developing status is self-declared <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> a wide exemption could shelter large industrial subsidisers <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> Japan \/ South Korea \/ Chinese Taipei contest the subsidy\u2013overfishing link itself<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-fb\">\n<div class=\"pq-pill p4\"><span>Conclusion routes<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-ft\">\n<p class=\"pq-r\"><i class=\"pq-rt\">Route 1<\/i> MC12 (June 2022) delivered where equity could be bypassed \u2014 IUU, overfished stocks, unregulated high seas \u2014 and failed on overcapacity, where it could not<\/p>\n<p class=\"pq-r\"><i class=\"pq-rt\">Route 2<\/i> deadlock is structural, not tactical <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> identical rules for unequal fleets <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> until differentiated rules become possible, <b class=\"pq-sc\">Strange<\/b>\u2019s charge of drift into irrelevance stands<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"template":"","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"footnotes":""},"pyq_year":[47],"pyq_marks":[31],"pyq_topic":[77],"pyq_paper":[69],"class_list":["post-1470","psir_pyq","type-psir_pyq","status-publish","hentry","pyq_year-47","pyq_marks-20-marks","pyq_topic-evolution-of-the-international-economic-system","pyq_paper-paper-2"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/psir_pyq\/1470","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/psir_pyq"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/psir_pyq"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/psir_pyq\/1470\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4882,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/psir_pyq\/1470\/revisions\/4882"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1470"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"pyq_year","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pyq_year?post=1470"},{"taxonomy":"pyq_marks","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pyq_marks?post=1470"},{"taxonomy":"pyq_topic","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pyq_topic?post=1470"},{"taxonomy":"pyq_paper","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pyq_paper?post=1470"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}