{"id":1479,"date":"2026-08-09T19:11:59","date_gmt":"2026-08-09T13:41:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/psir-pyq\/what-measures-have-been-undertaken-by-the-united-nations-for-its-upsc-psir-2021-3507\/"},"modified":"2026-08-12T21:24:54","modified_gmt":"2026-08-12T15:54:54","slug":"what-measures-have-been-undertaken-by-the-united-nations-for-its-upsc-psir-2021-3507","status":"publish","type":"psir_pyq","link":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/psir-pyq\/what-measures-have-been-undertaken-by-the-united-nations-for-its-upsc-psir-2021-3507\/","title":{"rendered":"What measures have been undertaken by the United Nations for its reforms?"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"pq-flow\">\n<div class=\"pq-flow-h\">Flow snapshot <em>\u2014 how the answer moves<\/em><\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-fb\">\n<div class=\"pq-pill p1\"><span>Intro routes<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-ft\">\n<p class=\"pq-r\"><i class=\"pq-rt\">Route 1<\/i> reform has been steady but uneven <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> change came where the P5 did not have to consent; stalled where they did<\/p>\n<p class=\"pq-r\"><i class=\"pq-rt\">Route 2<\/i> restructuring debate running since the Council\u2019s Heads of Government met, 31 January 1992 <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> aim: a more democratic, effective, responsive UN <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> measures follow that aim<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-fb\">\n<div class=\"pq-pill p2\"><span>Body flow<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-ft\">\n<p>enlargement first: membership 51 (1945) <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> 193, mostly 1960s decolonisation <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> UNSC non-permanent seats 6 <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> 10 (1963) <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> negotiations on working methods\/representation continue <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> system broadened: UNDP, UNICEF, WFP <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> development track: <b class=\"pq-sc\">Kofi Annan<\/b>\u2019s coherence reforms (1990s) <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> 2030 Agenda + SDGs replace MDGs <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> rights track: Human Rights Council replaces Commission on Human Rights (2006) <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> latest: <b class=\"pq-sc\">Guterres<\/b>\u2019s three-area restructuring (development system \/ peace and security architecture \/ management) <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> political and peacebuilding affairs split from peace operations<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-fb\">\n<div class=\"pq-pill p3\"><span>Counter-view<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-ft\">\n<p>the core is untouched <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> 2005 World Summit Outcome Document sought a representative Council, no unanimity <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> Charter amendment needs two-thirds of the Assembly + two-thirds of the Council including every permanent member <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> <b class=\"pq-sc\">Weiss<\/b>: entrenched interests block reform<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-fb\">\n<div class=\"pq-pill p4\"><span>Conclusion routes<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-ft\">\n<p class=\"pq-r\"><i class=\"pq-rt\">Route 1<\/i> machinery reformed; Council composition and the veto await political agreement<\/p>\n<p class=\"pq-r\"><i class=\"pq-rt\">Route 2<\/i> reform incremental and glacial <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> direction clear (a Council reflecting contemporary power), but major-power rivalry keeps it slow<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"template":"","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"footnotes":""},"pyq_year":[40],"pyq_marks":[38],"pyq_topic":[78],"pyq_paper":[69],"class_list":["post-1479","psir_pyq","type-psir_pyq","status-publish","hentry","pyq_year-40","pyq_marks-10-marks","pyq_topic-united-nations","pyq_paper-paper-2"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/psir_pyq\/1479","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/psir_pyq"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/psir_pyq"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/psir_pyq\/1479\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4891,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/psir_pyq\/1479\/revisions\/4891"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1479"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"pyq_year","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pyq_year?post=1479"},{"taxonomy":"pyq_marks","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pyq_marks?post=1479"},{"taxonomy":"pyq_topic","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pyq_topic?post=1479"},{"taxonomy":"pyq_paper","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pyq_paper?post=1479"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}