{"id":1484,"date":"2026-08-09T19:12:00","date_gmt":"2026-08-09T13:42:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/psir-pyq\/how-has-brexit-affected-the-regionalisation-process-initiated-by-upsc-psir-2017-3602\/"},"modified":"2026-08-12T21:24:56","modified_gmt":"2026-08-12T15:54:56","slug":"how-has-brexit-affected-the-regionalisation-process-initiated-by-upsc-psir-2017-3602","status":"publish","type":"psir_pyq","link":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/psir-pyq\/how-has-brexit-affected-the-regionalisation-process-initiated-by-upsc-psir-2017-3602\/","title":{"rendered":"How has \u2018BREXIT\u2019 affected the regionalisation process initiated by European Union and what could be its likely impacts in the regionalisation process of world politics?"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"pq-flow\">\n<div class=\"pq-flow-h\">Flow snapshot <em>\u2014 how the answer moves<\/em><\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-fb\">\n<div class=\"pq-pill p1\"><span>Intro routes<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-ft\">\n<p class=\"pq-r\"><i class=\"pq-rt\">Route 1<\/i> EU as deepest integration <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> <b class=\"pq-sc\">Haas<\/b>\u2019s spillover expectation <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> Britain\u2019s 2016 vote moves the other way <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> cost without refutation; terms of regionalism change \/<\/p>\n<p class=\"pq-r\"><i class=\"pq-rt\">Route 2<\/i> Brexit as the first live test of pooled sovereignty <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> scale and confidence lost inside Europe <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> example carried outward<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-fb\">\n<div class=\"pq-pill p2\"><span>Body flow<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-ft\">\n<p>loss of a major economy and political player <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> collective strength weakened <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> <b class=\"pq-sc\">Moravcsik<\/b>: exit precedent <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> Euroscepticism (National Rally, AfD) <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> <b>Hix<\/b>: new trade barriers + regulatory divergence complicate integration <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> turn outward: example matters more than the loss <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> <b class=\"pq-sc\">Thompson<\/b>: \u201cregionalism is out, sovereignty back in\u201d; regionalism as ideological contest, not rational choice <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> with US pressure on NAFTA <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> protectionism encouraged <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> weaker projects exposed (SAARC, RCEP) <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> <b class=\"pq-sc\">Acharya<\/b>: separatist \/ nationalist movements emboldened <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> ASEAN, MERCOSUR strained <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> out of the EU but not NATO <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> economic regionalism separable from security<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-fb\">\n<div class=\"pq-pill p3\"><span>Counter-view<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-ft\">\n<p>limits of supranationalism real, but retreat narrower than predicted <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> no domino; pro-EU turn in France <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> EU firmness makes exit costly <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> sovereignty pooled, never surrendered; members always free to leave <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> exit illustrates the design as much as it damages it<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-fb\">\n<div class=\"pq-pill p4\"><span>Conclusion routes<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-ft\">\n<p class=\"pq-r\"><i class=\"pq-rt\">Route 1<\/i> Brexit as a demand for reform <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> EU deepened after losing a major power \/<\/p>\n<p class=\"pq-r\"><i class=\"pq-rt\">Route 2<\/i> regionalism continues, on more contested terms <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> sovereignty balanced against collective benefit<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"template":"","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"footnotes":""},"pyq_year":[45],"pyq_marks":[35],"pyq_topic":[79],"pyq_paper":[69],"class_list":["post-1484","psir_pyq","type-psir_pyq","status-publish","hentry","pyq_year-45","pyq_marks-15-marks","pyq_topic-regionalisation-of-world-politics","pyq_paper-paper-2"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/psir_pyq\/1484","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/psir_pyq"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/psir_pyq"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/psir_pyq\/1484\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4896,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/psir_pyq\/1484\/revisions\/4896"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1484"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"pyq_year","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pyq_year?post=1484"},{"taxonomy":"pyq_marks","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pyq_marks?post=1484"},{"taxonomy":"pyq_topic","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pyq_topic?post=1484"},{"taxonomy":"pyq_paper","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pyq_paper?post=1484"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}