{"id":1484,"date":"2026-08-09T19:12:00","date_gmt":"2026-08-09T13:42:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/psir-pyq\/how-has-brexit-affected-the-regionalisation-process-initiated-by-upsc-psir-2017-3602\/"},"modified":"2026-08-09T21:56:30","modified_gmt":"2026-08-09T16:26:30","slug":"how-has-brexit-affected-the-regionalisation-process-initiated-by-upsc-psir-2017-3602","status":"publish","type":"psir_pyq","link":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/psir-pyq\/how-has-brexit-affected-the-regionalisation-process-initiated-by-upsc-psir-2017-3602\/","title":{"rendered":"How has \u2018BREXIT\u2019 affected the regionalisation process initiated by European Union and what could be its likely impacts in the regionalisation process of world politics?"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"pq-flow\">\n<div class=\"pq-flow-h\">Flow snapshot <em>&mdash; how the answer moves<\/em><\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-fb\">\n<div class=\"pq-pill p1\"><span>Intro routes<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-ft\">R1 EU as deepest integration \u2192 Haas\u2019s spillover expectation \u2192 Britain\u2019s 2016 vote moves the other way \u2192 cost without refutation; terms of regionalism change \/ R2 Brexit as the first live test of pooled sovereignty \u2192 scale and confidence lost inside Europe \u2192 example carried outward<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-fb\">\n<div class=\"pq-pill p2\"><span>Body flow<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-ft\">loss of a major economy and political player \u2192 collective strength weakened \u2192 Moravesik: exit precedent \u2192 Euroscepticism (National Rally, AfD) \u2192 Hix: new trade barriers + regulatory divergence complicate integration \u2192 turn outward: example matters more than the loss \u2192 Thompson: \u201cregionalism is out, sovereignty back in\u201d; regionalism as ideological contest, not rational choice \u2192 with US pressure on NAFTA \u2192 protectionism encouraged \u2192 weaker projects exposed (SAARC, RCEP) \u2192 Acharya: separatist \/ nationalist movements emboldened \u2192 ASEAN, MERCOSUR strained \u2192 out of the EU but not NATO \u2192 economic regionalism separable from security<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-fb\">\n<div class=\"pq-pill p3\"><span>Counter-view<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-ft\">limits of supranationalism real, but retreat narrower than predicted \u2192 no domino; pro- EU turn in France \u2192 EU firmness makes exit costly \u2192 sovereignty pooled, never surrendered; members always free to leave \u2192 exit illustrates the design as much as it damages it<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-fb\">\n<div class=\"pq-pill p4\"><span>Conclusion routes<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-ft\">i R1 Brexit as a demand for reform \u2192 EU deepened after losing a major power \/ R2 regionalism continues, on more contested terms \u2192 sovereignty balanced against collective benefit<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"template":"","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"footnotes":""},"pyq_year":[45],"pyq_marks":[35],"pyq_topic":[79],"pyq_paper":[69],"class_list":["post-1484","psir_pyq","type-psir_pyq","status-publish","hentry","pyq_year-45","pyq_marks-15-marks","pyq_topic-regionalisation-of-world-politics","pyq_paper-paper-2"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/psir_pyq\/1484","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/psir_pyq"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/psir_pyq"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/psir_pyq\/1484\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2692,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/psir_pyq\/1484\/revisions\/2692"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1484"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"pyq_year","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pyq_year?post=1484"},{"taxonomy":"pyq_marks","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pyq_marks?post=1484"},{"taxonomy":"pyq_topic","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pyq_topic?post=1484"},{"taxonomy":"pyq_paper","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pyq_paper?post=1484"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}