{"id":1502,"date":"2026-08-09T19:12:02","date_gmt":"2026-08-09T13:42:02","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/psir-pyq\/explain-the-non-traditional-security-threats-in-the-context-of-upsc-psir-2025-3709\/"},"modified":"2026-08-09T21:56:31","modified_gmt":"2026-08-09T16:26:31","slug":"explain-the-non-traditional-security-threats-in-the-context-of-upsc-psir-2025-3709","status":"publish","type":"psir_pyq","link":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/psir-pyq\/explain-the-non-traditional-security-threats-in-the-context-of-upsc-psir-2025-3709\/","title":{"rendered":"Explain the non-traditional security threats in the context of food and environmental crises."},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"pq-flow\">\n<div class=\"pq-flow-h\">Flow snapshot <em>&mdash; how the answer moves<\/em><\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-fb\">\n<div class=\"pq-pill p1\"><span>Intro routes<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-ft\">R1 security once state-centred \/ military \u2192 non-traditional turn \u2192 welfare threatened by non-military, transnational sources (Caballero-Anthony) \u2192 food + environment as the clearest cases R2 the widening of \u201csecurity\u201d beyond the state \u2192 food and environmental crises named as non-traditional threats \u2192 both erode livelihoods and stability<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-fb\">\n<div class=\"pq-pill p2\"><span>Body flow<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-ft\">non-traditional security defined (Caballero-Anthony) \u2192 food crisis: reduced supply, rising staple prices, hunger (Timmer) \u2192 scale: ~258m \/ 58 countries \/ 2022; ~9m hunger deaths a year (WFP) \u2192 unequal burden: women, children, poor households, small producers \u2192 environment amplifies: climate extremes cut farm labour productivity (up to 14% in low-income tropics) \u2192 Homer-Dixon: supply \/ demand \/ structural scarcity \u2192 resource capture + ecological marginalisation \u2192 state capacity weakened \u2192 insurgency, communal<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-fb\">\n<div class=\"pq-pill p3\"><span>Counter-view<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-ft\">violence \u2192 responses: equity-centred adaptation, rights-based access, flexible transboundary governance<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-fb\">\n<div class=\"pq-pill p4\"><span>Conclusion routes<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-ft\">food and environmental stress as a \u201cdevelopment\u201d concern vs a genuine \u201csecurity\u201d threat \u2192 Homer-Dixon&#039;s scarcity-conflict link settles it on the security side R1 these are security threats precisely because they hit livelihoods, weaken states and breed conflict R2 the durable answer is equity-centred, rights-based and transboundary \u2014 not military<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"template":"","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"footnotes":""},"pyq_year":[36],"pyq_marks":[38],"pyq_topic":[80],"pyq_paper":[69],"class_list":["post-1502","psir_pyq","type-psir_pyq","status-publish","hentry","pyq_year-36","pyq_marks-10-marks","pyq_topic-contemporary-global-concerns","pyq_paper-paper-2"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/psir_pyq\/1502","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/psir_pyq"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/psir_pyq"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/psir_pyq\/1502\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2708,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/psir_pyq\/1502\/revisions\/2708"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1502"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"pyq_year","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pyq_year?post=1502"},{"taxonomy":"pyq_marks","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pyq_marks?post=1502"},{"taxonomy":"pyq_topic","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pyq_topic?post=1502"},{"taxonomy":"pyq_paper","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pyq_paper?post=1502"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}