{"id":1511,"date":"2026-08-09T19:12:02","date_gmt":"2026-08-09T13:42:02","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/psir-pyq\/the-withdrawal-of-the-united-states-of-america-from-the-world-upsc-psir-2025-3807\/"},"modified":"2026-08-09T21:56:32","modified_gmt":"2026-08-09T16:26:32","slug":"the-withdrawal-of-the-united-states-of-america-from-the-world-upsc-psir-2025-3807","status":"publish","type":"psir_pyq","link":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/psir-pyq\/the-withdrawal-of-the-united-states-of-america-from-the-world-upsc-psir-2025-3807\/","title":{"rendered":"The withdrawal of the United States of America from the World Health Organization is set to have far- reaching impacts on global health. Reimagining the existing WHO is vital for the global health agenda. Discuss."},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"pq-flow\">\n<div class=\"pq-flow-h\">Flow snapshot <em>&mdash; how the answer moves<\/em><\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-fb\">\n<div class=\"pq-pill p1\"><span>Intro routes<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-ft\">R1 US founded WHO (1948), principal funder + agenda-driver (surveillance, PEPFAR) \u2192 exit raises existential questions for global health governance G@R1 withdrawal as latest US unilateralism (like Paris exit) \u2192 deepens democratic deficit in global governance<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-fb\">\n<div class=\"pq-pill p2\"><span>Body flow<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-ft\">immediate impacts (funding gaps, reduced US influence, widening health inequities, weakened pandemic coordination, eroded trust) \u2192 domino\/legitimacy risk (populist \/nationalist agendas superseding multilateralism; US loses surveillance + early-warning access) \u2192 these expose Stiglitz\u2019s accountability deficit (opaque, unaccountable institutions) \u2192 reimagining begins \u2192 diversify + stabilise financing (no single donor) \u2192 transparency + streamlined decisions + Independent Panel recommendations \u2192 greater voice for emerging economies + non-state actors (representation)<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-fb\">\n<div class=\"pq-pill p3\"><span>Counter-view<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-ft\">nationalist-unilateralist retreat (sovereignty over multilateral commitments) vs. interdependence (borderless threats, shared vulnerability, no one safe until all safe) @ 00 population secure until all protected \u2192 Linklater\u2019s post-national community of shared problems \u2192 multilateral solidarity as safeguard<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-fb\">\n<div class=\"pq-pill p4\"><span>Conclusion routes<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-ft\">G9 crisis as opportunity \u2192 reimagine a more representative, better-financed, more effective WHO<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"template":"","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"footnotes":""},"pyq_year":[36],"pyq_marks":[35],"pyq_topic":[80],"pyq_paper":[69],"class_list":["post-1511","psir_pyq","type-psir_pyq","status-publish","hentry","pyq_year-36","pyq_marks-15-marks","pyq_topic-contemporary-global-concerns","pyq_paper-paper-2"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/psir_pyq\/1511","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/psir_pyq"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/psir_pyq"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/psir_pyq\/1511\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3381,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/psir_pyq\/1511\/revisions\/3381"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1511"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"pyq_year","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pyq_year?post=1511"},{"taxonomy":"pyq_marks","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pyq_marks?post=1511"},{"taxonomy":"pyq_topic","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pyq_topic?post=1511"},{"taxonomy":"pyq_paper","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pyq_paper?post=1511"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}