{"id":1518,"date":"2026-08-09T19:12:03","date_gmt":"2026-08-09T13:42:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/psir-pyq\/critically-examine-the-major-factors-responsible-for-a-turnaround-upsc-psir-2022-3907\/"},"modified":"2026-08-12T21:25:09","modified_gmt":"2026-08-12T15:55:09","slug":"critically-examine-the-major-factors-responsible-for-a-turnaround-upsc-psir-2022-3907","status":"publish","type":"psir_pyq","link":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/psir-pyq\/critically-examine-the-major-factors-responsible-for-a-turnaround-upsc-psir-2022-3907\/","title":{"rendered":"Critically examine the major factors responsible for a turnaround in the trajectory of India&#8217;s foreign policy in the post-cold war period."},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"pq-flow\">\n<div class=\"pq-flow-h\">Flow snapshot <em>\u2014 how the answer moves<\/em><\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-fb\">\n<div class=\"pq-pill p1\"><span>Intro routes<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-ft\">\n<p class=\"pq-r\"><i class=\"pq-rt\">Route 1<\/i> Cold War\u2019s end unsettled post-1947 assumptions <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> two pressures (systemic + economic) forced a reframing, not a rupture<\/p>\n<p class=\"pq-r\"><i class=\"pq-rt\">Route 2<\/i> 1991 the hinge <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> external shock meets domestic breakdown <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> doctrine reworked, core aims kept<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-fb\">\n<div class=\"pq-pill p2\"><span>Body flow<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-ft\">\n<p>systemic shock (<b class=\"pq-sc\">Ganguly<\/b>: USSR collapse + Cold War\u2019s end <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> nonalignment lost meaning) <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> unipolar adjustment (accommodate US, full ties with Israel, economy at centre) <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> economic crisis (1991 fiscal shock: oil, Gulf repatriation, lost remittances <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> end of import-substitution) <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> <b class=\"pq-sc\">Baru<\/b>: economy the necessary foundation of power <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> doctrinal reframing (<b class=\"pq-sc\">Nirupama Rao<\/b>: strategic autonomy from growth, energy\/maritime security, technology, all-power ties) <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> non-alignment <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> strategic autonomy + multi-alignment (polycentric order) <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> Indo-US civil nuclear deal as marker<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-fb\">\n<div class=\"pq-pill p3\"><span>Counter-view<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-ft\">\n<p><b class=\"pq-sc\">Menon<\/b>: sovereignty &amp; territorial integrity remain foundational <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> India cautious on coercive norms (R2P) <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> limits of the turnaround<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-fb\">\n<div class=\"pq-pill p4\"><span>Conclusion routes<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-ft\">\n<p class=\"pq-r\"><i class=\"pq-rt\">Route 1<\/i> real in posture and method <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> but older ideals reworked, not discarded<\/p>\n<p class=\"pq-r\"><i class=\"pq-rt\">Route 2<\/i> strategic autonomy the constant thread <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> change as evolution, adapted to a transformed order<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"template":"","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"footnotes":""},"pyq_year":[47],"pyq_marks":[35],"pyq_topic":[81],"pyq_paper":[69],"class_list":["post-1518","psir_pyq","type-psir_pyq","status-publish","hentry","pyq_year-47","pyq_marks-15-marks","pyq_topic-indian-foreign-policy","pyq_paper-paper-2"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/psir_pyq\/1518","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/psir_pyq"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/psir_pyq"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/psir_pyq\/1518\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4930,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/psir_pyq\/1518\/revisions\/4930"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1518"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"pyq_year","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pyq_year?post=1518"},{"taxonomy":"pyq_marks","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pyq_marks?post=1518"},{"taxonomy":"pyq_topic","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pyq_topic?post=1518"},{"taxonomy":"pyq_paper","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pyq_paper?post=1518"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}