{"id":1519,"date":"2026-08-09T19:12:04","date_gmt":"2026-08-09T13:42:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/psir-pyq\/explain-the-major-features-of-indias-foreign-policy-in-the-2ist-upsc-psir-2023-3908\/"},"modified":"2026-08-12T21:25:10","modified_gmt":"2026-08-12T15:55:10","slug":"explain-the-major-features-of-indias-foreign-policy-in-the-2ist-upsc-psir-2023-3908","status":"publish","type":"psir_pyq","link":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/psir-pyq\/explain-the-major-features-of-indias-foreign-policy-in-the-2ist-upsc-psir-2023-3908\/","title":{"rendered":"Explain the major features of India&#8217;s Foreign Policy in the 2ist century."},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"pq-flow\">\n<div class=\"pq-flow-h\">Flow snapshot <em>\u2014 how the answer moves<\/em><\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-fb\">\n<div class=\"pq-pill p1\"><span>Intro routes<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-ft\">\n<p class=\"pq-r\"><i class=\"pq-rt\">Route 1<\/i> 21st-century IFP breaks from Cold War non-alignment <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> proactive engagement on many fronts<\/p>\n<p class=\"pq-r\"><i class=\"pq-rt\">Route 2<\/i> defining feature = multi-alignment <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> strategic autonomy held <i>with<\/i> many partners at once (<b class=\"pq-sc\">Raja Mohan<\/b>)<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-fb\">\n<div class=\"pq-pill p2\"><span>Body flow<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-ft\">\n<p>multi-alignment (<b class=\"pq-sc\">Raja Mohan<\/b>: US, Russia, France, Japan, ASEAN) <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> Neighbourhood First (co-existence, connectivity, development) <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> Act East (from Look East, balance China) <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> economic diplomacy (<b class=\"pq-sc\">Pant<\/b>: Make in India, Digital India, FTAs) <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> multilateral activism (<b class=\"pq-sc\">Tharoor<\/b>: UN, BRICS, G20, SCO, UNSC bid) <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> security (Quad, maritime, counter-terror) <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> soft power (vaccine diplomacy, ISA, diaspora, Indo-Pacific)<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-fb\">\n<div class=\"pq-pill p3\"><span>Counter-view<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-ft\">\n<p>features look like a qualitative break, but rest on continuity <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> autonomy now pursued <i>through<\/i> engagement, not distance (new means, old value)<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-fb\">\n<div class=\"pq-pill p4\"><span>Conclusion routes<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-ft\">\n<p class=\"pq-r\"><i class=\"pq-rt\">Route 1<\/i> many new instruments, one constant thread \u2014 strategic autonomy<\/p>\n<p class=\"pq-r\"><i class=\"pq-rt\">Route 2<\/i> move from reactive non-alignment to proactive multi-alignment reads as evolution, not rupture \u2014 old principles carried into new priorities<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"template":"","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"footnotes":""},"pyq_year":[34],"pyq_marks":[38],"pyq_topic":[81],"pyq_paper":[69],"class_list":["post-1519","psir_pyq","type-psir_pyq","status-publish","hentry","pyq_year-34","pyq_marks-10-marks","pyq_topic-indian-foreign-policy","pyq_paper-paper-2"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/psir_pyq\/1519","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/psir_pyq"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/psir_pyq"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/psir_pyq\/1519\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4931,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/psir_pyq\/1519\/revisions\/4931"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1519"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"pyq_year","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pyq_year?post=1519"},{"taxonomy":"pyq_marks","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pyq_marks?post=1519"},{"taxonomy":"pyq_topic","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pyq_topic?post=1519"},{"taxonomy":"pyq_paper","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pyq_paper?post=1519"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}