{"id":1520,"date":"2026-08-09T19:12:04","date_gmt":"2026-08-09T13:42:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/psir-pyq\/would-you-concur-with-the-view-that-of-late-indias-foreign-policy-upsc-psir-2024-3909\/"},"modified":"2026-08-12T21:25:10","modified_gmt":"2026-08-12T15:55:10","slug":"would-you-concur-with-the-view-that-of-late-indias-foreign-policy-upsc-psir-2024-3909","status":"publish","type":"psir_pyq","link":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/psir-pyq\/would-you-concur-with-the-view-that-of-late-indias-foreign-policy-upsc-psir-2024-3909\/","title":{"rendered":"Would you concur with the view that of late, India&#8217;s foreign policy has been in a transition mode from Nehruvianism to Neoliberalism? Support your answer with the help of suitable examples."},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"pq-flow\">\n<div class=\"pq-flow-h\">Flow snapshot <em>\u2014 how the answer moves<\/em><\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-fb\">\n<div class=\"pq-pill p1\"><span>Intro routes<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-ft\">\n<p class=\"pq-r\"><i class=\"pq-rt\">Route 1<\/i> partial concurrence staked <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> Nehruvian pole (<b class=\"pq-sc\">Sikri<\/b>: sovereignty + autonomy + peace\/disarmament) vs neoliberal pole (openness, interests) <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> autonomy qualifies the shift<\/p>\n<p class=\"pq-r\"><i class=\"pq-rt\">Route 2<\/i> 1991 as the watershed <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> idealism giving way to economic pragmatism <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> but a clean \u201cfrom\u2013to\u201d overstates it <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> concur with reservation<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-fb\">\n<div class=\"pq-pill p2\"><span>Body flow<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-ft\">\n<p>1991 liberalisation as hinge <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> <b class=\"pq-sc\">Raja Mohan<\/b> + <b class=\"pq-sc\">Pant<\/b> (economic\/strategic interests in a multipolar world) <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> economic diplomacy: WTO \/ FTAs \/ Act East (ASEAN, Japan) <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> 2008 nuclear deal as symbol of the move <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> LEMOA \/ Rafale \/ Quad <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> <b class=\"pq-sc\">Kanti Bajpai<\/b> (neoliberal position predominates)<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-fb\">\n<div class=\"pq-pill p3\"><span>Counter-view<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-ft\">\n<p>not a clean break <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> S-400 despite US unease <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> South\u2013South cooperation + egalitarian climate\/trade stands <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> <b class=\"pq-sc\">Saran<\/b> (autonomy the guiding principle, only means changed) <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> <b class=\"pq-sc\">Tellis<\/b> (flexible partnerships, no rigid ideology)<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-fb\">\n<div class=\"pq-pill p4\"><span>Conclusion routes<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-ft\">\n<p class=\"pq-r\"><i class=\"pq-rt\">Route 1<\/i> concur: moving to a neoliberal outlook, but realist national interest sets the pace <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> evolution, not rupture<\/p>\n<p class=\"pq-r\"><i class=\"pq-rt\">Route 2<\/i> transition in method, autonomy the constant <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> not a prisoner to any single stream of thought<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"template":"","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"footnotes":""},"pyq_year":[30],"pyq_marks":[31],"pyq_topic":[81],"pyq_paper":[69],"class_list":["post-1520","psir_pyq","type-psir_pyq","status-publish","hentry","pyq_year-30","pyq_marks-20-marks","pyq_topic-indian-foreign-policy","pyq_paper-paper-2"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/psir_pyq\/1520","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/psir_pyq"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/psir_pyq"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/psir_pyq\/1520\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4932,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/psir_pyq\/1520\/revisions\/4932"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1520"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"pyq_year","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pyq_year?post=1520"},{"taxonomy":"pyq_marks","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pyq_marks?post=1520"},{"taxonomy":"pyq_topic","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pyq_topic?post=1520"},{"taxonomy":"pyq_paper","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pyq_paper?post=1520"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}