{"id":1522,"date":"2026-08-09T19:12:04","date_gmt":"2026-08-09T13:42:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/psir-pyq\/non-alignment-has-been-the-basic-principle-of-indias-foreign-upsc-psir-2018-4001\/"},"modified":"2026-08-09T21:56:32","modified_gmt":"2026-08-09T16:26:32","slug":"non-alignment-has-been-the-basic-principle-of-indias-foreign-upsc-psir-2018-4001","status":"publish","type":"psir_pyq","link":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/psir-pyq\/non-alignment-has-been-the-basic-principle-of-indias-foreign-upsc-psir-2018-4001\/","title":{"rendered":"\u2018Non-alignment\u2019 has been the basic principle of India\u2019s foreign policy since independence. Discuss its relevance in the contemporary context."},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"pq-flow\">\n<div class=\"pq-flow-h\">Flow snapshot <em>&mdash; how the answer moves<\/em><\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-fb\">\n<div class=\"pq-pill p1\"><span>Intro routes<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-ft\">R1 non-alignment # neutrality \u2192 Nehru\u2019s \u201cbest judgment\u201d \u2192 blocs ruled out, engagement not \u2192 relevance judged on two tracks: principle + movement R2 Belgrade 1961, 25 states, bipolar setting \u2192 that setting gone \u2192 question is which part of non-alignment has dated bipolar order gone + movement weakened (over 120 members, scattered priorities, no permanent secretariat, PM absent from summits) \u2192 principle outlives institution \u2192 Saran: principles still govern Indian foreign policy \u2192 Sreenivasan: core = freedom of judgment and action = strategic autonomy \u2192 multi-alignment in practice: Quad + BRICS + SCO, no binding alliance<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-fb\">\n<div class=\"pq-pill p2\"><span>Body flow<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-ft\">sceptics go further \u2192 Raja Mohan: meaning lost even before the Cold War ended \u2192 Karnad: revival questionable in an order driven by material power<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-fb\">\n<div class=\"pq-pill p3\"><span>Counter-view<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-ft\">R1 movement needs reform, policy has already adapted \u2192 Sood: \u201cnot an abandonment, but a reinterpretation\u201d \u2192 each issue judged on own interest R2 relevance now sits in strategic autonomy plus a collective voice for the Global South \u2192 survives by redefinition and reform, not by attendance<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"template":"","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"footnotes":""},"pyq_year":[43],"pyq_marks":[38],"pyq_topic":[82],"pyq_paper":[69],"class_list":["post-1522","psir_pyq","type-psir_pyq","status-publish","hentry","pyq_year-43","pyq_marks-10-marks","pyq_topic-india-and-the-non-aligned-movement","pyq_paper-paper-2"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/psir_pyq\/1522","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/psir_pyq"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/psir_pyq"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/psir_pyq\/1522\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2727,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/psir_pyq\/1522\/revisions\/2727"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1522"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"pyq_year","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pyq_year?post=1522"},{"taxonomy":"pyq_marks","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pyq_marks?post=1522"},{"taxonomy":"pyq_topic","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pyq_topic?post=1522"},{"taxonomy":"pyq_paper","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pyq_paper?post=1522"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}