{"id":1522,"date":"2026-08-09T19:12:04","date_gmt":"2026-08-09T13:42:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/psir-pyq\/non-alignment-has-been-the-basic-principle-of-indias-foreign-upsc-psir-2018-4001\/"},"modified":"2026-08-12T21:25:11","modified_gmt":"2026-08-12T15:55:11","slug":"non-alignment-has-been-the-basic-principle-of-indias-foreign-upsc-psir-2018-4001","status":"publish","type":"psir_pyq","link":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/psir-pyq\/non-alignment-has-been-the-basic-principle-of-indias-foreign-upsc-psir-2018-4001\/","title":{"rendered":"\u2018Non-alignment\u2019 has been the basic principle of India\u2019s foreign policy since independence. Discuss its relevance in the contemporary context."},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"pq-flow\">\n<div class=\"pq-flow-h\">Flow snapshot <em>\u2014 how the answer moves<\/em><\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-fb\">\n<div class=\"pq-pill p1\"><span>Intro routes<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-ft\">\n<p class=\"pq-r\"><i class=\"pq-rt\">Route 1<\/i> non-alignment \u2260 neutrality <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> <b class=\"pq-sc\">Nehru<\/b>\u2019s \u201cbest judgment\u201d <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> blocs ruled out, engagement not <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> relevance judged on two tracks: principle + movement<\/p>\n<p class=\"pq-r\"><i class=\"pq-rt\">Route 2<\/i> Belgrade 1961, 25 states, bipolar setting <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> that setting gone <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> question is which part of non-alignment has dated<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-fb\">\n<div class=\"pq-pill p2\"><span>Body flow<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-ft\">\n<p>bipolar order gone + movement weakened (over 120 members, scattered priorities, no permanent secretariat, PM absent from summits) <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> principle outlives institution <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> <b class=\"pq-sc\">Saran<\/b>: principles still govern Indian foreign policy <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> <b class=\"pq-sc\">Sreenivasan<\/b>: core = freedom of judgment and action = strategic autonomy <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> multi-alignment in practice: Quad + BRICS + SCO, no binding alliance<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-fb\">\n<div class=\"pq-pill p3\"><span>Counter-view<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-ft\">\n<p>sceptics go further <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> <b class=\"pq-sc\">Raja Mohan<\/b>: meaning lost even before the Cold War ended <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> <b class=\"pq-sc\">Karnad<\/b>: revival questionable in an order driven by material power<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-fb\">\n<div class=\"pq-pill p4\"><span>Conclusion routes<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-ft\">\n<p class=\"pq-r\"><i class=\"pq-rt\">Route 1<\/i> movement needs reform, policy has already adapted <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> <b class=\"pq-sc\">Sood<\/b>: \u201cnot an abandonment, but a reinterpretation\u201d <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> each issue judged on own interest<\/p>\n<p class=\"pq-r\"><i class=\"pq-rt\">Route 2<\/i> relevance now sits in strategic autonomy plus a collective voice for the Global South <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> survives by redefinition and reform, not by attendance<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"template":"","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"footnotes":""},"pyq_year":[43],"pyq_marks":[38],"pyq_topic":[82],"pyq_paper":[69],"class_list":["post-1522","psir_pyq","type-psir_pyq","status-publish","hentry","pyq_year-43","pyq_marks-10-marks","pyq_topic-india-and-the-non-aligned-movement","pyq_paper-paper-2"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/psir_pyq\/1522","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/psir_pyq"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/psir_pyq"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/psir_pyq\/1522\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4934,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/psir_pyq\/1522\/revisions\/4934"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1522"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"pyq_year","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pyq_year?post=1522"},{"taxonomy":"pyq_marks","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pyq_marks?post=1522"},{"taxonomy":"pyq_topic","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pyq_topic?post=1522"},{"taxonomy":"pyq_paper","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pyq_paper?post=1522"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}