{"id":1525,"date":"2026-08-09T19:12:04","date_gmt":"2026-08-09T13:42:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/psir-pyq\/non-alignment-was-little-more-than-a-rational-strategy-on-the-upsc-psir-2021-4004\/"},"modified":"2026-08-09T21:56:32","modified_gmt":"2026-08-09T16:26:32","slug":"non-alignment-was-little-more-than-a-rational-strategy-on-the-upsc-psir-2021-4004","status":"publish","type":"psir_pyq","link":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/psir-pyq\/non-alignment-was-little-more-than-a-rational-strategy-on-the-upsc-psir-2021-4004\/","title":{"rendered":"\u201cNon-alignment was little more than a rational strategy on the part of a materially weak India to maximise its interests with a bipolar distribution of global power.\u201d Comment."},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"pq-flow\">\n<div class=\"pq-flow-h\">Flow snapshot <em>&mdash; how the answer moves<\/em><\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-fb\">\n<div class=\"pq-pill p1\"><span>Intro routes<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-ft\">material weakness \u2014 alliance meant obligation without defence + quarrels serving no Indian purpose \u2014 Nehru: strategy, not dogma, ready to \u201cjoin the side which is to our interest\u201d \u2014 V.P. Dutt: idealism in appearance, pragmatism in substance &#8211; returns concrete: Bokaro, US Congress refuses, Soviet aid taken, policy unchanged \u2192 Tharoor: flexibility + influence beyond actual capability \u2014 turn: a weak state cannot buy influence, so moral standing becomes capability \u2014 agenda outruns Indian interest: decolonization, disarmament, apartheid, NIEO \u2192 \u201cTrade Union of the Third World\u201d \u2192 Bandyopadhyaya: universalized tha intarnatinnal aucatam wuranbar atatac fram aAnRiantoc intr acnhnianta<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-fb\">\n<div class=\"pq-pill p2\"><span>Body flow<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-ft\">ee a a aR ee RE See oe es ee er ec eee eS ee ee SR: are ee ae eR See Morgenthau: neutrality as weakness where power politics governs \u2014 1962: what diplomatic standing could not do against force Rr! calculation real, reduction false \u2014 a device fitted only to bipolarity would have ended with bipolarity \u2192 blocs gone, freedom of judgment still directs Indian diplomacy R2 strategy and ethic were not rivals \u2192 for a weak state the norms were the instrument, and they outgrew the purpose they were built for<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"template":"","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"footnotes":""},"pyq_year":[40],"pyq_marks":[31],"pyq_topic":[82],"pyq_paper":[69],"class_list":["post-1525","psir_pyq","type-psir_pyq","status-publish","hentry","pyq_year-40","pyq_marks-20-marks","pyq_topic-india-and-the-non-aligned-movement","pyq_paper-paper-2"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/psir_pyq\/1525","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/psir_pyq"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/psir_pyq"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/psir_pyq\/1525\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2301,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/psir_pyq\/1525\/revisions\/2301"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1525"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"pyq_year","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pyq_year?post=1525"},{"taxonomy":"pyq_marks","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pyq_marks?post=1525"},{"taxonomy":"pyq_topic","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pyq_topic?post=1525"},{"taxonomy":"pyq_paper","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pyq_paper?post=1525"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}