{"id":1532,"date":"2026-08-09T19:12:05","date_gmt":"2026-08-09T13:42:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/psir-pyq\/discuss-the-steps-required-to-realise-hydro-co-operation-between-upsc-psir-2022-4104\/"},"modified":"2026-08-09T21:56:33","modified_gmt":"2026-08-09T16:26:33","slug":"discuss-the-steps-required-to-realise-hydro-co-operation-between-upsc-psir-2022-4104","status":"publish","type":"psir_pyq","link":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/psir-pyq\/discuss-the-steps-required-to-realise-hydro-co-operation-between-upsc-psir-2022-4104\/","title":{"rendered":"Discuss the steps required to realise \u2018hydro-co- operation\u2019 between India and Bangladesh"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"pq-flow\">\n<div class=\"pq-flow-h\">Flow snapshot <em>&mdash; how the answer moves<\/em><\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-fb\">\n<div class=\"pq-pill p1\"><span>Intro routes<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-ft\">R! 54 rivers, only two under agreement \u2014 JRC idle since 2011 \u2192 water shared river by river, as volume \u2014 steps must move it to basin management R2 what has failed is the frame, not the goodwill \u2192 each river negotiated separately, each deal a division of quantity \u2014 co-operation begins when the unit shifts from river to basin<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-fb\">\n<div class=\"pq-pill p2\"><span>Body flow<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-ft\">) institutional first: JRC revived, stronger mandate, mediation capacity (Raja Mohan) \u2014 procedural content: hydrological data exchange, joint feasibility studies for hydro sites, framework agreements on sharing \/ operation \/ disputes (Karim) \u2014 engineering reform: Farakka\u2019s design ignored sediment \u2014 ecologically informed engineering + basin commissions with powers above the states (Nilanjan Ghosh)<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-fb\">\n<div class=\"pq-pill p3\"><span>Counter-view<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-ft\">commissions above the states collide with federal politics \u2014 Teesta framework fell in 2011 to West Bengal\u2019s objections \u2014 five of its poorest districts live off the river \u2014 consent has to be carried, not overridden<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-fb\">\n<div class=\"pq-pill p4\"><span>Conclusion routes<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-ft\">\u2018onclusion routes ) R1 Muni: strategic interest not to be blocked by narrow domestic concerns \u2014 water linked to transit and trade \u2192 dividing volume becomes sharing benefit R2 sequence the steps: data and institutions first, allocation last \u2192 a wider benefit is what makes the state\u2019s consent affordable<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"template":"","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"footnotes":""},"pyq_year":[47],"pyq_marks":[38],"pyq_topic":[83],"pyq_paper":[69],"class_list":["post-1532","psir_pyq","type-psir_pyq","status-publish","hentry","pyq_year-47","pyq_marks-10-marks","pyq_topic-india-and-south-asia","pyq_paper-paper-2"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/psir_pyq\/1532","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/psir_pyq"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/psir_pyq"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/psir_pyq\/1532\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2734,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/psir_pyq\/1532\/revisions\/2734"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1532"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"pyq_year","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pyq_year?post=1532"},{"taxonomy":"pyq_marks","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pyq_marks?post=1532"},{"taxonomy":"pyq_topic","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pyq_topic?post=1532"},{"taxonomy":"pyq_paper","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pyq_paper?post=1532"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}