{"id":1544,"date":"2026-08-09T19:12:06","date_gmt":"2026-08-09T13:42:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/psir-pyq\/discuss-the-ways-and-means-to-realise-greater-economic-co-upsc-psir-2022-4303\/"},"modified":"2026-08-12T21:25:22","modified_gmt":"2026-08-12T15:55:22","slug":"discuss-the-ways-and-means-to-realise-greater-economic-co-upsc-psir-2022-4303","status":"publish","type":"psir_pyq","link":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/psir-pyq\/discuss-the-ways-and-means-to-realise-greater-economic-co-upsc-psir-2022-4303\/","title":{"rendered":"Discuss the ways and means to realise greater economic co-operation among the Member States of South Asia."},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"pq-flow\">\n<div class=\"pq-flow-h\">Flow snapshot <em>\u2014 how the answer moves<\/em><\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-fb\">\n<div class=\"pq-pill p1\"><span>Intro routes<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-ft\">\n<p class=\"pq-r\"><i class=\"pq-rt\">Route 1<\/i> 5% against ASEAN\u2019s 25% <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> gap is one of delivery, not agreements <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> spine: cut the cost of crossing borders<\/p>\n<p class=\"pq-r\"><i class=\"pq-rt\">Route 2<\/i> tariffs already cut, trade did not follow <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> wrong instrument <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> shift the target from tariffs to trade costs<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-fb\">\n<div class=\"pq-pill p2\"><span>Body flow<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-ft\">\n<p>SAFTA\u2019s tariff-only design, NTBs untouched <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> non-tariff costs ~114% vs ASEAN\u2019s 76% <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> <b>Kathuria<\/b>: $23bn actual \/ $67bn potential <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> standards + border infrastructure over tariff cuts <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> <b class=\"pq-sc\">Menon<\/b>: FTA neither necessary nor sufficient <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> facilitation + professional secretariat <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> therefore project-based, sub-regional <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> energy as proof: Nepal <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> Bangladesh via Indian grid, 2024, first trilateral transaction <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> BBIN \/ BIMSTEC as carriers <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> India\u2019s non-reciprocal concessions<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-fb\">\n<div class=\"pq-pill p3\"><span>Counter-view<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-ft\">\n<p><b>Batra<\/b>: conflict itself depresses trade <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> disputed border becomes a barrier <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> India\u2013Pakistan overrides the rest <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> economics alone cannot deliver<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-fb\">\n<div class=\"pq-pill p4\"><span>Conclusion routes<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-ft\">\n<p class=\"pq-r\"><i class=\"pq-rt\">Route 1<\/i> visas + \u2018SAARC Minus\u2019 flexibility alongside <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> built upward from projects, not downward from summits<\/p>\n<p class=\"pq-r\"><i class=\"pq-rt\">Route 2<\/i> the cheapest route runs through border costs, not summit declarations <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> deliver where politics already allows<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"template":"","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"footnotes":""},"pyq_year":[47],"pyq_marks":[38],"pyq_topic":[83],"pyq_paper":[69],"class_list":["post-1544","psir_pyq","type-psir_pyq","status-publish","hentry","pyq_year-47","pyq_marks-10-marks","pyq_topic-india-and-south-asia","pyq_paper-paper-2"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/psir_pyq\/1544","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/psir_pyq"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/psir_pyq"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/psir_pyq\/1544\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4956,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/psir_pyq\/1544\/revisions\/4956"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1544"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"pyq_year","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pyq_year?post=1544"},{"taxonomy":"pyq_marks","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pyq_marks?post=1544"},{"taxonomy":"pyq_topic","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pyq_topic?post=1544"},{"taxonomy":"pyq_paper","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pyq_paper?post=1544"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}