{"id":1546,"date":"2026-08-09T19:12:06","date_gmt":"2026-08-09T13:42:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/psir-pyq\/what-are-the-reasons-for-lack-of-regionness-in-south-asia-upsc-psir-2023-4305\/"},"modified":"2026-08-09T21:56:34","modified_gmt":"2026-08-09T16:26:34","slug":"what-are-the-reasons-for-lack-of-regionness-in-south-asia-upsc-psir-2023-4305","status":"publish","type":"psir_pyq","link":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/psir-pyq\/what-are-the-reasons-for-lack-of-regionness-in-south-asia-upsc-psir-2023-4305\/","title":{"rendered":"What are the reasons for lack of \u2018regionness\u2019 in South Asia?"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"pq-flow\">\n<div class=\"pq-flow-h\">Flow snapshot <em>&mdash; how the answer moves<\/em><\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-fb\">\n<div class=\"pq-pill p1\"><span>Intro routes<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-ft\">R1 regionness is a degree, not a fact of geography (Hettne- Soderbaum) \u2192 the level can fall as well as rise \u2014 South Asia: a region&#039;s material, not its politics R2 the material is shared, the politics is not &#8211; because the founding act of these states was separation<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-fb\">\n<div class=\"pq-pill p2\"><span>Body flow<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-ft\">separation as the founding act (Partition, 1971, their wars) &gt; national identity becomes a claim against a neighbour \u2014 Muni: non-Indian identity converting into anti-India sentiment &gt; Pakistan: a working SAARC undoes partition \u2014- asymmetry (75% GDP, 70% people) \u2014 integration reads as dominance -\u2014&gt; institutional design (consensus rule + bilateral disputes excluded) \u2014 one quarrel halts the rest &gt; no summit since 2014, trade near 9% \u2014&gt; the level still falling (IWT in abeyance since April 2025; Dhaka asking for SAARC at a BIMSTEC table, July 2026)<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-fb\">\n<div class=\"pq-pill p3\"><span>Counter-view<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-ft\">the region does work where politics permits \u2014 Nepal\u2019s power to Bangladesh across the Indian grid, season after season \u2014 the deficit is political, not natural<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-fb\">\n<div class=\"pq-pill p4\"><span>Conclusion routes<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-ft\">R1 displaced, not absent \u2014 these states draw legitimacy from Standing apart R2 the region moves wherever politics allows it to \u2014 what is missing is a decision, not a basis<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"template":"","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"footnotes":""},"pyq_year":[34],"pyq_marks":[38],"pyq_topic":[83],"pyq_paper":[69],"class_list":["post-1546","psir_pyq","type-psir_pyq","status-publish","hentry","pyq_year-34","pyq_marks-10-marks","pyq_topic-india-and-south-asia","pyq_paper-paper-2"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/psir_pyq\/1546","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/psir_pyq"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/psir_pyq"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/psir_pyq\/1546\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2743,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/psir_pyq\/1546\/revisions\/2743"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1546"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"pyq_year","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pyq_year?post=1546"},{"taxonomy":"pyq_marks","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pyq_marks?post=1546"},{"taxonomy":"pyq_topic","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pyq_topic?post=1546"},{"taxonomy":"pyq_paper","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pyq_paper?post=1546"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}