{"id":1546,"date":"2026-08-09T19:12:06","date_gmt":"2026-08-09T13:42:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/psir-pyq\/what-are-the-reasons-for-lack-of-regionness-in-south-asia-upsc-psir-2023-4305\/"},"modified":"2026-08-12T21:25:23","modified_gmt":"2026-08-12T15:55:23","slug":"what-are-the-reasons-for-lack-of-regionness-in-south-asia-upsc-psir-2023-4305","status":"publish","type":"psir_pyq","link":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/psir-pyq\/what-are-the-reasons-for-lack-of-regionness-in-south-asia-upsc-psir-2023-4305\/","title":{"rendered":"What are the reasons for lack of \u2018regionness\u2019 in South Asia?"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"pq-flow\">\n<div class=\"pq-flow-h\">Flow snapshot <em>\u2014 how the answer moves<\/em><\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-fb\">\n<div class=\"pq-pill p1\"><span>Intro routes<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-ft\">\n<p class=\"pq-r\"><i class=\"pq-rt\">Route 1<\/i> regionness is a degree, not a fact of geography (<b>Hettne\u2013S\u00f6derbaum<\/b>) <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> the level can fall as well as rise <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> South Asia: a region\u2019s material, not its politics<\/p>\n<p class=\"pq-r\"><i class=\"pq-rt\">Route 2<\/i> the material is shared, the politics is not <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> because the founding act of these states was separation<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-fb\">\n<div class=\"pq-pill p2\"><span>Body flow<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-ft\">\n<p>separation as the founding act (Partition, 1971, their wars) <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> national identity becomes a claim against a neighbour <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> <b class=\"pq-sc\">Muni<\/b>: non-Indian identity converting into anti-India sentiment <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> Pakistan: a working SAARC undoes partition <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> asymmetry (75% GDP, 70% people) <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> integration reads as dominance <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> institutional design (consensus rule + bilateral disputes excluded) <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> one quarrel halts the rest <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> no summit since 2014, trade near 5% <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> the level still falling (IWT in abeyance since April 2025; Dhaka asking for SAARC at a BIMSTEC table, July 2026)<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-fb\">\n<div class=\"pq-pill p3\"><span>Counter-view<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-ft\">\n<p>the region does work where politics permits <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> Nepal\u2019s power to Bangladesh across the Indian grid, season after season <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> the deficit is political, not natural<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-fb\">\n<div class=\"pq-pill p4\"><span>Conclusion routes<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-ft\">\n<p class=\"pq-r\"><i class=\"pq-rt\">Route 1<\/i> displaced, not absent <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> these states draw legitimacy from standing apart<\/p>\n<p class=\"pq-r\"><i class=\"pq-rt\">Route 2<\/i> the region moves wherever politics allows it to <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> what is missing is a decision, not a basis<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"template":"","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"footnotes":""},"pyq_year":[34],"pyq_marks":[38],"pyq_topic":[83],"pyq_paper":[69],"class_list":["post-1546","psir_pyq","type-psir_pyq","status-publish","hentry","pyq_year-34","pyq_marks-10-marks","pyq_topic-india-and-south-asia","pyq_paper-paper-2"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/psir_pyq\/1546","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/psir_pyq"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/psir_pyq"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/psir_pyq\/1546\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4958,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/psir_pyq\/1546\/revisions\/4958"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1546"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"pyq_year","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pyq_year?post=1546"},{"taxonomy":"pyq_marks","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pyq_marks?post=1546"},{"taxonomy":"pyq_topic","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pyq_topic?post=1546"},{"taxonomy":"pyq_paper","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pyq_paper?post=1546"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}