{"id":1552,"date":"2026-08-09T19:12:07","date_gmt":"2026-08-09T13:42:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/psir-pyq\/discuss-the-relevance-of-the-demand-for-new-upsc-psir-2022-4403\/"},"modified":"2026-08-12T21:25:28","modified_gmt":"2026-08-12T15:55:28","slug":"discuss-the-relevance-of-the-demand-for-new-upsc-psir-2022-4403","status":"publish","type":"psir_pyq","link":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/psir-pyq\/discuss-the-relevance-of-the-demand-for-new-upsc-psir-2022-4403\/","title":{"rendered":"Discuss the relevance of the demand for New"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"pq-flow\">\n<div class=\"pq-flow-h\">Flow snapshot <em>\u2014 how the answer moves<\/em><\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-fb\">\n<div class=\"pq-pill p1\"><span>Intro routes<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-ft\">\n<p class=\"pq-r\"><i class=\"pq-rt\">Route 1<\/i> 1974 Declaration <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> one claim: rules framed before Southern independence <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> form changed, grievance unchanged<\/p>\n<p class=\"pq-r\"><i class=\"pq-rt\">Route 2<\/i> the five asks (sovereign equality, decision-making, policy space, TNC regulation, technology) <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> globalisation as the new setting <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> relevance is about the ground, not the wording<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-fb\">\n<div class=\"pq-pill p2\"><span>Body flow<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-ft\">\n<p>finance first: IMF 16th Review (Dec 2023), quotas +50%, shares untouched, realignment deferred <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> <b>Engel<\/b> &amp; <b>Mabefam<\/b>: voice + resource flows recur from NAM <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> G20 <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> Bridgetown; response slow, aims unmet <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> trade: unfinished Doha (agriculture, SDT, public stockholding) = policy space today <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> technology: TRIPS waiver = sharpest North-South line <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> corporate power: <b class=\"pq-sc\">Raja Mohan<\/b> (states cannot regulate MNCs) <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> <b>Mikler<\/b> (value-chain control; free trade \u2260 free markets) <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> NIEO\u2019s regulation demand still missing<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-fb\">\n<div class=\"pq-pill p3\"><span>Counter-view<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-ft\">\n<p><b class=\"pq-sc\">Bhagwati<\/b>: trading system delivers markets, investment, technology <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> <b class=\"pq-sc\">Happymon Jacob<\/b>: integration diluted the collective agenda; NAM\u2019s decline removed the vehicle<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-fb\">\n<div class=\"pq-pill p4\"><span>Conclusion routes<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-ft\">\n<p class=\"pq-r\"><i class=\"pq-rt\">Route 1<\/i> demand survives in narrower form <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> rule-reform + new instruments (AIIB, NDB, DPI)<\/p>\n<p class=\"pq-r\"><i class=\"pq-rt\">Route 2<\/i> inter-country gaps widened <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> equity case stronger, not weaker<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"template":"","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"footnotes":""},"pyq_year":[47],"pyq_marks":[31],"pyq_topic":[84],"pyq_paper":[69],"class_list":["post-1552","psir_pyq","type-psir_pyq","status-publish","hentry","pyq_year-47","pyq_marks-20-marks","pyq_topic-india-and-the-global-south","pyq_paper-paper-2"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/psir_pyq\/1552","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/psir_pyq"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/psir_pyq"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/psir_pyq\/1552\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4964,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/psir_pyq\/1552\/revisions\/4964"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1552"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"pyq_year","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pyq_year?post=1552"},{"taxonomy":"pyq_marks","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pyq_marks?post=1552"},{"taxonomy":"pyq_topic","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pyq_topic?post=1552"},{"taxonomy":"pyq_paper","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pyq_paper?post=1552"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}