{"id":1563,"date":"2026-08-09T19:12:08","date_gmt":"2026-08-09T13:42:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/psir-pyq\/relations-between-india-and-russia-are-rooted-in-history-mutual-upsc-psir-2021-4506\/"},"modified":"2026-08-12T21:25:32","modified_gmt":"2026-08-12T15:55:32","slug":"relations-between-india-and-russia-are-rooted-in-history-mutual-upsc-psir-2021-4506","status":"publish","type":"psir_pyq","link":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/psir-pyq\/relations-between-india-and-russia-are-rooted-in-history-mutual-upsc-psir-2021-4506\/","title":{"rendered":"\u2018Relations between India and Russia are rooted in history, mutual trust and mutually beneficial cooperation. Discuss."},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"pq-flow\">\n<div class=\"pq-flow-h\">Flow snapshot <em>\u2014 how the answer moves<\/em><\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-fb\">\n<div class=\"pq-pill p1\"><span>Intro routes<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-ft\">\n<p class=\"pq-r\"><i class=\"pq-rt\">Route 1<\/i> the phrase is India\u2019s own official vocabulary <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> all three claims hold, but not equally <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> history and trust inherited, mutual benefit must be earned afresh<\/p>\n<p class=\"pq-r\"><i class=\"pq-rt\">Route 2<\/i> a treaty that outlived one of its signatories <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> the base is real <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> the question is not whether the three foundations exist but which of them still grows<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-fb\">\n<div class=\"pq-pill p2\"><span>Body flow<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-ft\">\n<p>history is structural, not sentimental (Bhilai 1955 \/ 1971 Treaty renewed 1993, 2000 \/ <b class=\"pq-sc\">Sikri<\/b> \/ Cold War plants still on Russian servicing) <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> trust is a record, not affection (veto, no sanctions after 1998 \/ <b>Raghavan\u2019s<\/b> realism, 1962, Tashkent \/ predictability not agreement \/ July 2026 protest followed by full review) <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> mutual benefit has thinned (70% equipment, BrahMos as joint production \/ <b class=\"pq-sc\">Zakharov<\/b>: $68.7bn FY 2024-25, crude ~80%, Russia 31st in investment)<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-fb\">\n<div class=\"pq-pill p3\"><span>Counter-view<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-ft\">\n<p><b class=\"pq-sc\">Nadkarni<\/b>, pragmatic and market-driven without the old strategic logic <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> <b class=\"pq-sc\">Sharma<\/b>, Russia can no longer balance China <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> December 2025 summit: small joint ventures, no large agreement<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-fb\">\n<div class=\"pq-pill p4\"><span>Conclusion routes<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-ft\">\n<p class=\"pq-r\"><i class=\"pq-rt\">Route 1<\/i> right about the foundations, silent about their direction <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> sustainable in old spheres, stagnant where new ones are undefined<\/p>\n<p class=\"pq-r\"><i class=\"pq-rt\">Route 2<\/i> history and trust hold it; only mutual benefit can grow it <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> the pillar that needs renewal is the one policy can actually touch<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"template":"","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"footnotes":""},"pyq_year":[40],"pyq_marks":[31],"pyq_topic":[85],"pyq_paper":[69],"class_list":["post-1563","psir_pyq","type-psir_pyq","status-publish","hentry","pyq_year-40","pyq_marks-20-marks","pyq_topic-india-and-the-global-centres-of-power","pyq_paper-paper-2"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/psir_pyq\/1563","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/psir_pyq"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/psir_pyq"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/psir_pyq\/1563\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4975,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/psir_pyq\/1563\/revisions\/4975"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1563"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"pyq_year","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pyq_year?post=1563"},{"taxonomy":"pyq_marks","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pyq_marks?post=1563"},{"taxonomy":"pyq_topic","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pyq_topic?post=1563"},{"taxonomy":"pyq_paper","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pyq_paper?post=1563"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}