{"id":1591,"date":"2026-08-09T19:12:11","date_gmt":"2026-08-09T13:42:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/psir-pyq\/examine-the-evolution-of-indias-role-in-the-global-nuclear-order-upsc-psir-2021-4805\/"},"modified":"2026-08-12T21:25:40","modified_gmt":"2026-08-12T15:55:40","slug":"examine-the-evolution-of-indias-role-in-the-global-nuclear-order-upsc-psir-2021-4805","status":"publish","type":"psir_pyq","link":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/psir-pyq\/examine-the-evolution-of-indias-role-in-the-global-nuclear-order-upsc-psir-2021-4805\/","title":{"rendered":"Examine the evolution of India\u2019s role in the global nuclear order."},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"pq-flow\">\n<div class=\"pq-flow-h\">Flow snapshot <em>\u2014 how the answer moves<\/em><\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-fb\">\n<div class=\"pq-pill p1\"><span>Intro routes<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-ft\">\n<p class=\"pq-r\"><i class=\"pq-rt\">Route 1<\/i> principled outsider <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> accommodated de facto power <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> never joined the central treaty<\/p>\n<p class=\"pq-r\"><i class=\"pq-rt\">Route 2<\/i> <b class=\"pq-sc\">Pant<\/b>: security <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2194<\/span> universal disarmament tension <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> India as first critic, then claimant<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-fb\">\n<div class=\"pq-pill p2\"><span>Body flow<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-ft\">\n<p>early advocacy + institutions + implicit umbrellas (<b class=\"pq-sc\">Kennedy<\/b>) <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> 1974 PNE = latency <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> NPT rejected as \u201cnuclear apartheid\u201d (<b class=\"pq-sc\">Jaswant Singh<\/b>) <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> 1998 Pokhran-II = self-declared NWS <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> sanctions <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> normalisation <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> 2005\u201308 deal + 2008 NSG waiver <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> MTCR \/ Wassenaar \/ Australia Group <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> <b class=\"pq-sc\">Chacko<\/b> &amp; <b class=\"pq-sc\">Davis<\/b>: \u201cresponsibility\u201d reframed as equality <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> compliance as resistance<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-fb\">\n<div class=\"pq-pill p3\"><span>Counter-view<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-ft\">\n<p>still outside NPT, CTBT, TPNW <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> order now unravelling <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> New START lapse (Feb 2026) + NPT credibility test (2026 RevCon) <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> clean record + regimes still sustain de facto power <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> but standing rests on great-power restraint India cannot command<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-fb\">\n<div class=\"pq-pill p4\"><span>Conclusion routes<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-ft\">\n<p class=\"pq-r\"><i class=\"pq-rt\">Route 1<\/i> outside advocate <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> de facto power that turned exclusion into a case for reform <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> accepted in practice, apart in law<\/p>\n<p class=\"pq-r\"><i class=\"pq-rt\">Route 2<\/i> reframed responsibility as India\u2019s lever <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> next test: holding its standing as the order decays<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"template":"","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"footnotes":""},"pyq_year":[40],"pyq_marks":[35],"pyq_topic":[87],"pyq_paper":[69],"class_list":["post-1591","psir_pyq","type-psir_pyq","status-publish","hentry","pyq_year-40","pyq_marks-15-marks","pyq_topic-india-and-the-nuclear-question","pyq_paper-paper-2"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/psir_pyq\/1591","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/psir_pyq"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/psir_pyq"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/psir_pyq\/1591\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5003,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/psir_pyq\/1591\/revisions\/5003"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1591"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"pyq_year","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pyq_year?post=1591"},{"taxonomy":"pyq_marks","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pyq_marks?post=1591"},{"taxonomy":"pyq_topic","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pyq_topic?post=1591"},{"taxonomy":"pyq_paper","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pyq_paper?post=1591"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}