{"id":1611,"date":"2026-08-09T19:12:13","date_gmt":"2026-08-09T13:42:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/psir-pyq\/india-continues-to-invoke-its-time-tested-policy-of-strategic-upsc-psir-2025-5007\/"},"modified":"2026-08-12T21:25:46","modified_gmt":"2026-08-12T15:55:46","slug":"india-continues-to-invoke-its-time-tested-policy-of-strategic-upsc-psir-2025-5007","status":"publish","type":"psir_pyq","link":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/psir-pyq\/india-continues-to-invoke-its-time-tested-policy-of-strategic-upsc-psir-2025-5007\/","title":{"rendered":"India continues to invoke its time-tested policy of strategic autonomy vis-a-vis both the United States of America and Russia by rejecting US\u2019 offer of mediation on Kashmir issue and by refusing to criticize Russia in its ongoing war against Ukraine. Comment."},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"pq-flow\">\n<div class=\"pq-flow-h\">Flow snapshot <em>\u2014 how the answer moves<\/em><\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-fb\">\n<div class=\"pq-pill p1\"><span>Intro routes<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-ft\">\n<p class=\"pq-r\"><i class=\"pq-rt\">Route 1<\/i> two refusals = one doctrine <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> Jaishankar\u2019s \u201cchoice of action\u201d<\/p>\n<p class=\"pq-r\"><i class=\"pq-rt\">Route 2<\/i> \u201ctime-tested\u201d \u2260 static <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> non-alignment <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> multi-alignment (<b class=\"pq-sc\">Raja Mohan<\/b>) <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> issue-based, not ideological (<b class=\"pq-sc\">Gokhale<\/b>)<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-fb\">\n<div class=\"pq-pill p2\"><span>Body flow<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-ft\">\n<p>Kashmir: Simla 1972 bilateralism <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> Trump\u2019s May 2025 mediation declined, US role unacknowledged <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> Quad\/defence ties still deepen <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> Ukraine: non-interference pillar (Galwan \/ Crimea 2014 \/ Ukraine 2022) <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> Western sanctions <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> discounted oil, 2nd-largest buyer, ~600% trade <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> <b class=\"pq-sc\">Pant<\/b>: sharpest test + structural room from US\u2013China rivalry<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-fb\">\n<div class=\"pq-pill p3\"><span>Counter-view<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-ft\">\n<p><b class=\"pq-sc\">Tellis<\/b>: refusal to choose undermines security <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> pick Washington vs China <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> <b class=\"pq-sc\">Jacob<\/b>\u2019s rejoinder: \u201cwhat is the alternative?\u201d but energy\/manufacturing\/defence dependence caps autonomy <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> 2025 50% tariffs as the live test<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-fb\">\n<div class=\"pq-pill p4\"><span>Conclusion routes<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-ft\">\n<p class=\"pq-r\"><i class=\"pq-rt\">Route 1<\/i> autonomy = deliberate action, not passive neutrality<\/p>\n<p class=\"pq-r\"><i class=\"pq-rt\">Route 2<\/i> real agency, but exercised within structural limits, not above them<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"template":"","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"footnotes":""},"pyq_year":[36],"pyq_marks":[31],"pyq_topic":[88],"pyq_paper":[69],"class_list":["post-1611","psir_pyq","type-psir_pyq","status-publish","hentry","pyq_year-36","pyq_marks-20-marks","pyq_topic-recent-developments-in-indian-foreign-policy","pyq_paper-paper-2"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/psir_pyq\/1611","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/psir_pyq"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/psir_pyq"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/psir_pyq\/1611\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5023,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/psir_pyq\/1611\/revisions\/5023"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1611"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"pyq_year","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pyq_year?post=1611"},{"taxonomy":"pyq_marks","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pyq_marks?post=1611"},{"taxonomy":"pyq_topic","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pyq_topic?post=1611"},{"taxonomy":"pyq_paper","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pyq_paper?post=1611"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}