{"id":983,"date":"2026-08-09T18:45:54","date_gmt":"2026-08-09T13:15:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/pyq\/how-has-rawls-enriched-the-idea-of-justice-in-liberalism-upsc-psir-2021-0307\/"},"modified":"2026-08-09T21:56:13","modified_gmt":"2026-08-09T16:26:13","slug":"how-has-rawls-enriched-the-idea-of-justice-in-liberalism-upsc-psir-2021-0307","status":"publish","type":"psir_pyq","link":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/psir-pyq\/how-has-rawls-enriched-the-idea-of-justice-in-liberalism-upsc-psir-2021-0307\/","title":{"rendered":"How has Rawls enriched the idea of justice in liberalism?"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"pq-flow\">\n<div class=\"pq-flow-h\">Flow snapshot <em>&mdash; how the answer moves<\/em><\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-fb\">\n<div class=\"pq-pill p1\"><span>Intro routes<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-ft\">R1 pre-Rawls liberal justice = liberty + formal equality + procedural fairness \u2192 thin on distribution R2 utilitarianism widens to aggregate welfare \u2192 minority sacrificed \u2192 Rawls keeps liberty, adds egalitarian correction<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-fb\">\n<div class=\"pq-pill p2\"><span>Body flow<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-ft\">Kantian inviolability \/ anti-utilitarian \u2192 original position + veil of ignorance \u2192 impartial, Archimedean standpoint \u2192 two principles \u2192 liberty lexically first (liberal core) + fair equality of opportunity + Difference Principle \u2192 equality enters as a demand of justice \u2192 welfare + property-owning democracy as right, not charity \u2192 Macpherson: liberal democratic welfare state<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-fb\">\n<div class=\"pq-pill p3\"><span>Counter-view<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-ft\">Nozick (end-state, violates entitlement) vs Sen (capabilities beyond primary goods); Marxist line \u2014 veil hides private property<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-fb\">\n<div class=\"pq-pill p4\"><span>Conclusion routes<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-ft\">R1 liberty given grounding, equality given direction R2 more humane liberalism + revival of normative theory \u2192 reset the terms of the justice debate<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"template":"","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"footnotes":""},"pyq_year":[40],"pyq_marks":[31],"pyq_topic":[48],"pyq_paper":[33],"class_list":["post-983","psir_pyq","type-psir_pyq","status-publish","hentry","pyq_year-40","pyq_marks-20-marks","pyq_topic-justice","pyq_paper-paper-1"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/psir_pyq\/983","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/psir_pyq"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/psir_pyq"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/psir_pyq\/983\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2406,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/psir_pyq\/983\/revisions\/2406"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=983"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"pyq_year","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pyq_year?post=983"},{"taxonomy":"pyq_marks","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pyq_marks?post=983"},{"taxonomy":"pyq_topic","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pyq_topic?post=983"},{"taxonomy":"pyq_paper","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pyq_paper?post=983"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}