{"id":983,"date":"2026-08-09T18:45:54","date_gmt":"2026-08-09T13:15:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/pyq\/how-has-rawls-enriched-the-idea-of-justice-in-liberalism-upsc-psir-2021-0307\/"},"modified":"2026-08-12T21:23:15","modified_gmt":"2026-08-12T15:53:15","slug":"how-has-rawls-enriched-the-idea-of-justice-in-liberalism-upsc-psir-2021-0307","status":"publish","type":"psir_pyq","link":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/psir-pyq\/how-has-rawls-enriched-the-idea-of-justice-in-liberalism-upsc-psir-2021-0307\/","title":{"rendered":"How has Rawls enriched the idea of justice in liberalism?"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"pq-flow\">\n<div class=\"pq-flow-h\">Flow snapshot <em>\u2014 how the answer moves<\/em><\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-fb\">\n<div class=\"pq-pill p1\"><span>Intro routes<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-ft\">\n<p class=\"pq-r\"><i class=\"pq-rt\">Route 1<\/i> pre-<b class=\"pq-sc\">Rawls<\/b> liberal justice = liberty + formal equality + procedural fairness <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> thin on distribution<\/p>\n<p class=\"pq-r\"><i class=\"pq-rt\">Route 2<\/i> utilitarianism widens to aggregate welfare <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> minority sacrificed <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> <b class=\"pq-sc\">Rawls<\/b> keeps liberty, adds egalitarian correction<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-fb\">\n<div class=\"pq-pill p2\"><span>Body flow<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-ft\">\n<p><b>Kantian<\/b> inviolability \/ anti-utilitarian <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> original position + veil of ignorance <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> impartial, Archimedean standpoint <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> two principles <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> liberty lexically first (liberal core) + fair equality of opportunity + Difference Principle <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> equality enters as a demand of justice <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> welfare + property-owning democracy as right, not charity <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> <b class=\"pq-sc\">Macpherson<\/b>: liberal democratic welfare state<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-fb\">\n<div class=\"pq-pill p3\"><span>Counter-view<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-ft\">\n<p><b class=\"pq-sc\">Nozick<\/b> (end-state, violates entitlement) vs <b class=\"pq-sc\">Sen<\/b> (capabilities beyond primary goods); <b>Marxist<\/b> line \u2014 veil hides private property<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-fb\">\n<div class=\"pq-pill p4\"><span>Conclusion routes<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-ft\">\n<p class=\"pq-r\"><i class=\"pq-rt\">Route 1<\/i> liberty given grounding, equality given direction<\/p>\n<p class=\"pq-r\"><i class=\"pq-rt\">Route 2<\/i> more humane liberalism + revival of normative theory <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> reset the terms of the justice debate<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"template":"","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"footnotes":""},"pyq_year":[40],"pyq_marks":[31],"pyq_topic":[48],"pyq_paper":[33],"class_list":["post-983","psir_pyq","type-psir_pyq","status-publish","hentry","pyq_year-40","pyq_marks-20-marks","pyq_topic-justice","pyq_paper-paper-1"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/psir_pyq\/983","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/psir_pyq"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/psir_pyq"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/psir_pyq\/983\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4577,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/psir_pyq\/983\/revisions\/4577"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=983"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"pyq_year","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pyq_year?post=983"},{"taxonomy":"pyq_marks","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pyq_marks?post=983"},{"taxonomy":"pyq_topic","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pyq_topic?post=983"},{"taxonomy":"pyq_paper","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pyq_paper?post=983"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}