{"id":996,"date":"2026-08-09T18:45:55","date_gmt":"2026-08-09T13:15:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/pyq\/affirmative-action-policies-draw-as-much-strong-criticism-as-upsc-psir-2023-0409\/"},"modified":"2026-08-09T21:56:13","modified_gmt":"2026-08-09T16:26:13","slug":"affirmative-action-policies-draw-as-much-strong-criticism-as-upsc-psir-2023-0409","status":"publish","type":"psir_pyq","link":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/psir-pyq\/affirmative-action-policies-draw-as-much-strong-criticism-as-upsc-psir-2023-0409\/","title":{"rendered":"Affirmative Action Policies draw as much strong criticism as strong support. Analyze this statement in the context of equality."},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"pq-flow\">\n<div class=\"pq-flow-h\">Flow snapshot <em>&mdash; how the answer moves<\/em><\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-fb\">\n<div class=\"pq-pill p1\"><span>Intro routes<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-ft\">R1 AA contested because support and criticism rest on rival conceptions of equality R2 the real divide is equal treatment (formal) vs fair treatment (substantive)<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-fb\">\n<div class=\"pq-pill p2\"><span>Body flow<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-ft\">support turns formal into substantive equality \u2192 Rawls (difference principle \/ fair opportunity) \u2192 Dworkin (brute luck, not choice) \u2192 Sen (capabilities \/ remove actual injustice) \u2192 Indra Sawhney (Art 16(4) as restatement of equality) \u2192 critics work from equal treatment \u2192 Nozick (rights) \u2192 Sowell (merit + division) \u2192 reverse discrimination cluster (creamy layer \/ stigma \/ self-perpetuation)<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-fb\">\n<div class=\"pq-pill p3\"><span>Counter-view<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-ft\">equal treatment + merit + rights vs fair treatment + historical disadvantage<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-fb\">\n<div class=\"pq-pill p4\"><span>Conclusion routes<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-ft\">R1 statement holds because both sides defend a genuine idea of equality rouves R2 calibrated AA (temporary, targeted, reviewed) delivers substantive equality without sacrificing fairness<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"template":"","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"footnotes":""},"pyq_year":[34],"pyq_marks":[35],"pyq_topic":[49],"pyq_paper":[33],"class_list":["post-996","psir_pyq","type-psir_pyq","status-publish","hentry","pyq_year-34","pyq_marks-15-marks","pyq_topic-equality","pyq_paper-paper-1"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/psir_pyq\/996","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/psir_pyq"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/psir_pyq"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/psir_pyq\/996\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2418,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/psir_pyq\/996\/revisions\/2418"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=996"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"pyq_year","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pyq_year?post=996"},{"taxonomy":"pyq_marks","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pyq_marks?post=996"},{"taxonomy":"pyq_topic","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pyq_topic?post=996"},{"taxonomy":"pyq_paper","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pyq_paper?post=996"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}