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Doubt Clearance Thread: UPSC 2021

Guys, please explain why both are not wrong. 
Why I was thinking that both are wrong:

1: Real exchange rate is defined as the ratio of Foreign Price to Domestic Price. High RER should mean that domestic prices are low.

2. Appreciation of currency or Increased Domestic inflation brings down RER. This reduces competitiveness and hence should reduce exports. 

Please explain. Really a headache. 


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@kraantikaari NCERT, Class 12, page 79. The formula given is 

RER =Nominal exchange rate* (price of good in Foreign country/price of good in Domestic country).

That's why its not making sense 

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@kraantikaari Gambling, Prostitution, Illicit Trde etc. Hence not every right covered.


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@walterwhit3 RER =Nominal exchange rate* (price of good in domestic country/price of good in forign country)

so , if RER is high then price of good in domestic country would be more , hence expensive
if RER is low then price of domestic good is less and hence people would prefer buying domestic goods so imports would reduce and exports would rise.


@kraantikaari NCERT, Class 12, page 79. The formula given is 

RER =Nominal exchange rate* (price of good in Foreign country/price of good in Domestic country).

That's why its not making sense 

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@kraantikaari,@mhs11 
Quoting Wikipedia: 
"
More in detail, an appreciation of the currency or a high level of domestic inflation reduces the RER, thus reducing the country's competitiveness and lowering the Current Account (CA). On the other hand, a currency depreciation generates an opposite effect, improving the country's CA.[15]"

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@walterwhit3 I  think that is wrong.......
 NER For usa is lets suppose 70rs.    and price of good in usa is 1$, india is 35rs
    so rer=(70rs/1$)*(35rs/1$) with formula in ncert-----units will not get cancel out....hence it must be 
           rer=(70rs/1$)*(1$/35rs)----in this case rer comes out to be 2 with units get canceled



Mathematically correct but economically incorrect I guess. Price comparisons have to be made in same denominations. Here is IMF article:

 https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/fandd/basics/realex.htm


And even if that were true, I think in this case NER would have to be defined in terms of $ per Rupee. As both can be the definition of NER. I have read both formulas on credible sources. 

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I know bhai log. Mera dimag kha gaya!! I wouldn't have posted here otherwise. :\
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» show previous quotes

Generally, no. Contempt powers vest in Courts of Record. By Courts of record, I mean courts where the proceedings are recorded forever. In India, it means the Supreme Court and High Court. On behalf of tribunals/District courts within their jurisdiction, a High Court can generally exercise contempt powers. However, a tribunal does not generally have contempt powers unless the statute establishing it expressly provides for it. 

SC has answered this question in 2000. Tribunals have powers of contempt. 

The same has been mentioned here. 

http://mca.gov.in/SearchableActs/Section425.htm

https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/Tribunals-have-power-to-punish-rules-SC/articleshow/13047982.cms

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@Patootie I get that. But in the news report, it was mentioned that Powers of Contempt was not incorporated in the act and the central govt. departments were taking Tribunal orders lightly. Now that I have checked the said section 17, I don't understand why govt. the departments would be defying such orders, given that act mentions it.
But again law is not my field.
Regarding rest, yes, you are right. Tribunals consist of a myriad of bodies. So not every tribunal would have the power of contempt unless explicitly stated in the statute. 

If UPSC asks this, I think they would be even more clear with the question. 

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