[Solutions]
Q.1 Consider the following statements regarding volcanism:
1. Intrusive features are formed when the magma is rich in silica and poor in metallic minerals
2. Laccolith is a concave, saucer shaped deposit of lava in the crustal rocks
3. Cinder cone and Lava domes are extrusive volcanic features
Which of the statements given above is/are true?
a) 1 and 2 only
b) 2 and 3 only
c) 1 and 3 only
d) 1, 2 and 3
Ans: c)
When the magma is rich in silica and poor in metallic minerals. It has a very high melting point and even a slight loss of heat causes it to solidify. Thus, as the magma moves up it gets solidified before reaching the surface.
Lopolith is a concave, saucer shaped deposit of lava in the crustal rocks (not Laccolith). Hence, Statement 2 is false
Statement 3 is correct
Q.2 Which of the following activity is not related to the formation or modification of the present atmosphere?
a) Solar winds
b) Degassing
c) Differentiation
d) Photosynthesis
Ans: c)
This is a typical NCERT question.
Solar winds resulted in loss of primordial atmosphere consisting of Hydrogen and Helium. Hence Stmt 1 is true.
Degassing lead to release of water vapour and other gases from interior of earth. This started the evolution of present atmosphere.
Differentiation is related to how the material inside the earth got arranged due to difference in density and temperature. It is not related to atmosphere.
Photosynthesis lead to release of O2 in present atmosphere
Q.3 The flat-topped volcanic peaks which remain under water and are eroded by wave action are called:
a) Sea mounts
b) Guyots
c) Islands
d) Canyons
Ans: b) Here the confusion might be between Guyots and Sea-mounts. Sea mounts are simply the volcanic peaks which remain under water, they are not flat topped or eroded.
Such sea mounts when eroded by wave action result into flat topped Guyots.
Q.4 Consider the following statements regarding Earthquake waves:
1. Shadow zone made by S-waves is more extensive than that made by P-waves
2. P- waves are the first to reach the surface and are the most destructive earthquake waves
3. S-waves can only pass through the molten materials
Which of the statement(s) given above is/are true?
a) 1 and 2 only
b) 1 only
c) 2 and 3 only
d) 1, 2 and 3
Ans: b) Statement 1 is correct. Seismograph locate at any distance within 105 degrees from the epicenter records both P and S waves while seismograph located beyond 145 degrees’ records only P waves.
P-waves although are the first to reach the surface but are not the most destructive. Surface waves are the most destructive. Hence, Statement 2 is wrong.
S-waves cannot pass through molten materials. So, statement 3 is wrong.
Q.5 Consider the following statements regarding Ramsar Convention on Wetlands:
1. It is affiliated with United Nation Environment Program (UNEP)
2. It is the only global environmental treaty that deal with a particular ecosystem
3. At the time of joining the convention, each contracting party must designate at least two sites for inclusion in the List of Wetlands of International Importance.
Which of the statements given above is/are true?
a) 1 and 2 only
b) 2 only
c) 1 and 3 only
d) 2 and 3 only
Ans: b) Ramsar convention is not affiliated to United Nations. At the time of joining the convention, each contracting party must designate at least one site for inclusion in the List of Wetlands of International Importance.
Q.6 Which of the following states is a habitat for now Leopards in India?
a) Assam
b) Arunachal Pradesh
c) Manipur
d) Meghalya
Ans: b) Snow Leopard is found in 5 states of India: Jammu and Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh, Sikkim and Uttarakhand.
Q.8 Consider the following Bioremediation techniques:
1. Bioventing
2. Bio- augmentation
3. Bioreactors
Which of the above are in-situ techniques?
a) 1 only
b) 1 and 2 only
c) 1 and 3 only
d) 2 and 3 only
Ans: b)
Bioventing and Bio augmentation are in-situ techniques. While Bioreactors are an ex-situ technique.
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