CSAT DAILY MISSION #22

Read the following passage and answer the questions that follow:

Sleep and sleep-related problems play a role in a large number of human disorders and affect almost every field of medicine. REM sleep seems to help prevent seizures that begin in one part of the brain from spreading to other brain regions, although deep sleep may promote the spread of these seizures. Sleep deprivation also triggers seizures in people with some types of epilepsy. Neurons that control sleep interact closely with the immune system. As anyone who has had the flu knows, infectious diseases tend to make us feel sleepy. This probably happens because cytokines, chemicals our immune systems produce while fighting an infection, are powerful sleep-inducing chemicals. Sleep may help the body conserve energy and other resources that the immune system needs to mount an attack.
Sleeping problems occur in almost all people with mental disorders, including those with depression and schizophrenia. People with depression, for example, often awaken in the early hours of the morning and find themselves unable to get back to sleep. The amount of sleep a person gets also strongly influences the symptoms of mental disorders. Extreme sleep deprivation can lead to a seemingly psychotic state of paranoia and hallucinations in otherwise healthy people and disrupted sleep can trigger episodes of mania (agitation and hyperactivity) in people with manic depression.
Sleeping problems are common in many other disorders as well, including Alzheimer’s, strokes, cancer, and head injury. These sleeping problems may arise from changes in the brain regions and neurotransmitters that control sleep, or from the drugs used to control symptoms of other disorders. Once sleeping problems develop, they can add to a person’s impairment and cause confusion, frustration, or depression. Patients who are unable to sleep also notice pain more and may increase their requests for pain medication. Better management of sleeping problems in people who have other disorders could improve these patients’ health and quality of life.

Question 1

Which of the following is/are true according to the passage?

1. Sleep deprivation is linked with heart related diseases only.
2. REM sleep seems thwarts seizures moving from one part to other part of the brain.
3. Sleep triggers seizures in people with some types of epilepsy
4. Neurons that control sleep interact closely with the immune system

(A) 1 and 2 only

(B) 2 and 3 only

(D) 3 and 4 only

Question 2

Which of the following is/are true about cytokines?

1. They orchestrate responses to infection.
2. Cytokine production during infection induces sleep responses.

(A) 1 only

(B) 2 only

(D) Neither 1 nor 2

Question 3

Which of the following problems is/are related to sleeping disorder?
1. Depression and schizophrenia
2. Paranoia and hallucinations
3. Azhmier’s disease
4. Agitation and hyperactivity

(A) 1, 2 and 3

(B) 2, 3 and 4

(D) 1, 2, 3 and 4

Question 4

Which of the following is/are true?

1. Different amounts of sleep can present different symptoms in two different people suffering from the same disease.
2. Depression can cause sleep deprivation; it is not caused by sleep deprivation.

(A) 1 only

(B) 2 only

(D) Neither 1 nor 2

Question 5

The passage is primarily concerned with

(A) Proposing methods to overcome sleep deprivation.

(B) Explaining the effects of sleep in health and related disorders.

(D) Presenting a proof of how sleep affects health.

SOLUTIONS TO DAILY CSAT MISSION # 23

1. (A) 2. (C) 3. (B) 4. (C) 5. (D)

Explanations:

1. The new word will be: S A E C E L E S S S E N S. The middle letter is ‘E’.

2. If all the vowels are removed from the new word, it becomes: S C L S S S N S. The middle letters are S S.

For the last three questions, the following Venn diagram can be drawn to represent the number of people who cleared cut-offs:

Given, (p + s + v + u) = 25, (s + q + t + v) = 25, (v + t + r + u) = 25. Adding the three, (p + q + r + + 2s + 2t + 2u + 3v) = 75. Let’s call this Equation 1.
Given, (s + v) = 15, (t + v) = 10, (u + v) = 10. Adding these three, we get (s + t + u + 3v) = 35. Let’s call this Equation 2.
The total people = 50. Since w is given as 5, so (p + q + r + s + t + u + v) = 45. Let’s call this Equation 3.

Now, adding equations 2 and 3 and subtracting equation 1 from the that, we get (v = 5).

Since (s + v) = 15, s = 10. Since (t + v) = 10, t = 5. Since (u + v) = 10, u = 5.
And, since (p + s + v + u) = 25, p = 5; (s + q + t + v) = 25, q = 5; (v + t + r + u) = 25, r = 10.

3. v =5.

4. p + q + r = 20

5. v:(s + t + u + v) = 5:25.