Read the following passage and answer the questions that follow:
Policy discourse in India is dominated by assertions that are unsupported by facts. Often, this results in the creation and perpetuation of myths of all kinds. Thus, so many believe today that poverty, illiteracy and ill health afflict India because its leadership ignored them while focusing on growth; that the economic reforms that focused on growth have failed to help the poor, especially the socially disadvantaged; that any gains claimed in poverty alleviation have come because of the lowering of poverty lines; and that even if gains have been made, with one in two children suffering from malnutrition, reforms have done precious little to improve health outcomes.
Bhagwati and Panagariya decisively demolish these and other myths, which critics use as weapons to wound and maim the reforms. Using systematic data and analysis, they forcefully show that once the debris of critiques of India’s reforms is cleared, it becomes evident that intensification of reforms that allow sustained rapid growth offers the only inescapable route to lifting the millions out of poverty, illiteracy and ill health. They argue that only growth can provide sufficient revenues for the provision of education and good health for the masses. They discuss both Track I reforms, which will further help accelerate growth and make it more inclusive, and Track II reforms, which will permit more effective and efficient redistribution from the rich to the poor.
Question 1
Which of the following statements are correct according to the passage?
1. Policy discourse in India is led by various claims unproven by evidence.
2. Unverified details craft and prolong the existence of all kinds of sagas.
3. Indian Leaders ignore growth to eradicate poverty, ill health and illiteracy.
4. Economic reforms helped the socially disadvantaged but didn’t focus on growth.
Select the correct answer using the codes given below:
(A) 1 and 2 only
(B) 2 and 3 only
(C) 1 and 4 only
(D) 1, 2, 3 and 4
Question 2
Why does the author use “with one in two children suffering from malnutrition” in the passage?
1. To mention that 1 in 2 of the world’s malnourished children live in India.
2. To show that commitment to reducing malnutrition has not been a priority for leaders in India.
3. To emphasize that the steps taken to improve access to quality health care have not brought improvements.
4. To demonstrate the lethargy of the government iin providing an integrated comprehensive primary healthcare.
Select the correct answer from those given below:
(A) 1 and 2 only
(B) 2, 3 and 4 only
(C) 1, 3 and 4 only
(D) 1, 2, 3 and 4
Question 3
Consider the following statements.
1. Intensification of reforms will accelerate growth and make it more inclusive.
2. Demolishing myths and using logical facts and studies will help to eradicate poverty and ill health.
Which of the above statement is not correct?
(A) 1 only
(B) 2 only
(C) Both 1 and 2
(D) Neither 1 nor 2
Question 4
Why have the economic reforms failed to help the poor?
1. The gains attributed to them are actually are due to the use of progressively lower poverty lines.
2. They have failed to promote and improve the health and education among the people below poverty lines.
3. Critics have used the myths as weapons to wound, maim and delay the actual reforms.
4. The reforms have helped only to bring efficient redistribution of resources among the poor.
Select the best choices from the ones given below:
(A) 1 and 4 only
(B) 2 and 3 only
(C) 1, 3 and 4 only
(D) 1, 2 and 3 only
Question 5
What is the meaning of the word “perpetuation” used in the passage?
(A) Endurance
(B) Ending
(C) Obstruction
(D) Hindrance
SOLUTIONS TO DAILY CSAT MISSION # 39
1. (B) 2. (B) 3. (D) 4. (B) 5. (B)
Explanations
1. LCM of 6, 7, 8, 9 and 12 = 504. Number of seconds in an hour = 3600. 3600/504 = 7.14. So, there will be seven times when all the people will be firing together.
2. All teachers are graduates, all poets are poor and no graduate is poor. This is represented as:
Note that the two bigger circles (for the graduates and the poor) will never intersect. So the two smaller circles will also never intersect.
Now, only the mathematicians are to be put into the above figure. Since some mathematicians are poets, the mathematicians can be arranged in four different ways:
In each of these cases, all the options are true except (B). (B) is untrue in the last instance.
3. Let the cost of 13 oranges be Rs.130. So, cost of 1 orange = Rs.10
The selling price of 10 oranges = cost of 13 oranges = Rs.130. So, selling price of 1 orange = Rs.13.
Cost = 10 and sale = 13. Profit = 30%.
4. This is a trick question. You can calculate the answer the long way or you can find out just from the options. Harry has five more than Dick and four times as many as Tom. So, Harry’s number has to be divisible by four.
Which of the options becomes a multiple of four when you add 5 to it? If Dick had 5 as suggested by option (A), then Harry would have 10 (five more). But 10 is not divisible by four. So, Dick doesn’t have 5. Similarly with options (C) and (D).
5. The fool is either at the front or at the end. But it is mentioned that the weak man is in front of the fool. So, the fool cannot be at the beginning. He is at the end. So, intelligent is at 1, fool is at 5 and weak is in front of the fool at 4. The short man and strong man are left along with the second and third positions. Since the strong man is behind the short man, the strong man is at 3 in the middle position.
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