Q.1) Select the incorrect statement about trade winds:
a) Trade winds are also called as easterlies.
b) They are the part of Hadley cell.
c) In N-hemisphere they are deflected anticlockwise and clockwise in S-hemisphere.
d) None of these
Ans – [C]
Explanation – Due to Coriolis force trade winds get deflected in clockwise direction in N-hemisphere and in anticlockwise direction in S-Hemisphere.
Q.2) Consider the following statements about Harmattan winds.
1. Interaction of Harmattan winds with monsoon produces tornadoes
2. It is dry and dusty west African trade winds.
Select the correct statement using the codes given below.
a) 1 only
b) 2 only
c) Both 1 and 2
d) Neither 1 nor 2
Ans – [C]
Explanation – Harmattan, hot and dry wind that blows from the northeast or east in the western Sahara, is strongest in late fall and winter (late November to mid-March). It usually carries large amounts of dust, which it transports hundreds of kilometers out over the Atlantic Ocean; the dust often interferes with aircraft operations and settles on the decks of ships. The interaction between the Harmattan and the monsoon sometimes produces West African tornadoes.
Q.3) Consider the following statements about tropical cyclone.
1. They are formed over low pressure area generally
2. Environment inside the tropical cyclone is warmer than its surroundings.
Select the correct statement using the codes given below.
a) 1 only
b) 2 only
c) Both 1 and 2
d) Neither 1 nor 2
Ans – [C]
Explanation – Statement 1 is right. Tropical cyclones are driven by the release of large amount of latent heat of condensation which occurs when moist air is carried upwards and its vapor condenses. Heat is distributed vertically around the centre of the storm. Environment inside the tropical cyclone is warmer than outside.
Q.4) Consider the following statements about Mangroves.
1. It prevents soil erosion.
2. It acts as breeding site for many sea organisms.
3. It is one of the cause of marine pollution.
Select the correct answer using the codes given below.
a) 1 and 2 only
b) 1 and 3 only
c) 1 and 3 only
d) 1, 2 and 3
Ans – [A]
Explanation – Mangroves are shrubs or small trees that grow in coastal saline or brackish water. The term is also used for tropical coastal vegetation consisting of such species. Mangroves occur worldwide in the tropics and subtropics, Mangroves are salt tolerant trees, also called halophytes, and are adapted to life in harsh coastal conditions. They contain a complex salt filtration system and complex root system to cope with salt water immersion and wave action. They are adapted to the low oxygen (anoxic) conditions of waterlogged mud. Mangrove forests are not reason of marine pollution. Rest all above functions are performed by them.
Q.5) Consider the following statements regarding aerosols.
1. Aerosols use has been suggested to reduce the incoming sunlight
2. They can change cloud properties.
Select the correct statement using the codes given below.
a) 1 only
b) 2 only
c) Both 1 and 2
d) None of the above
Ans-[C]
Explanation – An aerosol is a colloid of fine solid particles or liquid droplets, in air or another gas. Aerosols can be natural or artificial. Examples of natural aerosols are fog, forest exudates and geyser steam. Examples of artificial aerosols are haze, dust, particulate air pollutants and smoke. Statement 1 is correct. This technique is known as stratospheric aerosol injection. It involves spraying fine stratosphere fine, light colored particles designed to reflect part of the solar radiation before it reaches and warms the earth. Aerosol can change cloud properties. It was published in IPCC report. You can read about it here
Q.6) Which of the following is/are major reasons for Uttrakahnd Jungle Fire apart from role of Mafia?
1. Migration of people outside state
2. Presence of highly heat resistant chir pine tree
3. Scanty rains
Select the correct answer using the codes given below.
a) 1 and 3 only
b) 1 only
c) 3 Only
d) 1,2 and 3
Ans – [D]
Explanation – All three are said to be major reasons of Uttrakhand jungle fire which took such a big scale. Chir pine tree is highly heat resistant due to presence of a very thick cork but it produces chir pine needles which have resins in them. These needles are highly inflammable. Though villagers were using them as livestock bedding, biomass and compost but recent years have seen huge migration of people outside state. Due to this, these chir pine needles have remain unutilized and lied scattered on ground.
Scanty rains have also dried the vegetation and thus it helped in increase of area of fire.
Q.7) Which of the following are objectives of National Forest Policy?
1. Maintenance of environmental stability through preservation
2. Checking soil erosion and denudation in the catchment areas of rivers, lakes, reservoirs
3. Diversion of good and productive agricultural lands to forestry
Select the correct answer using the codes given below.
a)1 Only
b)1 and 3 Only
c)1 and 2 only
d)1, 2 and 3
Ans-[C]
Explanation – The basic objectives that should govern the National Forest Policy – are the following: ·
1. Maintenance of environmental stability through preservation and, where necessary, restoration of the ecological balance that has been adversely disturbed by serious depletion of the forests of the country. ·
2. Conserving the natural heritage of the country by preserving the remaining natural forests with the vast variety of flora and fauna, which represent the remarkable biological diversity and genetic resources of the country. ·
3. Checking soil erosion and denudation in the catchment areas of rivers, lakes, reservoirs in the “interest of soil and water conservation, for mitigating floods and droughts and for the retardation of siltation of reservoirs. ·
4. Checking the extension of sand-dunes in the desert areas of Rajasthan and along the coastal tracts. ·
5. Increasing substantially the forest/tree cover in the country through massive afforestation and social forestry programmes, especially on all denuded, degraded and unproductive lands. ·
6. Meeting the requirements of fuel-wood, fodder, minor forest produce and small timber of the rural and tribal populations. ·
7. Increasing the productivity of forests to meet essential national needs. Encouraging efficient utilization of forest produce and maximizing substitution of wood. ·
8. Creating a massive people’s movement with the involvement of women, for achieving these objectives and to minimize pressure on existing forests.
Q.8) Which of the following is not a major functions of Ministry of Environment and forests?
1. Survey of flora and fauna and wildlife
2. Ensuring welfare of animals
3. Prevention of pollution
4. Afforestation
Select the correct answer using the codes given below.
a) 1 only
b) 1 and 2 only
c) 1 2 and 3 only
d) 1,2,3 and 4
Ans – [A]
Explanation – MoEF is nodal agency in the admin structure of the Union govt for the planning promotion coordination and overseeing the implementation of India’s environmental and forestry policies and programmes.
Broad objectives are
1. Conservation of forest, flora , fauna and wildlife
2. Prevention and control of pollution
3. Afforestation
4. Ensuring welfare of animals
5. Protection of environment
Q.9) Consider the following statements regarding Algal Bloom.
1. All algal blooms are green in color.
2. Algal bloom always occur in fresh-water.
Select the correct answer using the codes given below.
a) 1 only
b) 2 only
c) Both 1 and 2
d) None of the above.
Ans – [D]
Explanation – Statement 1 is wrong as all algal blooms are not green, they can be red and brown too. Algal bloom can occur in sea water and it is wrong to say that they always occur in fresh water.
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