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Doubt Clearance Thread: UPSC 2021

Is the witness protection scheme 2018 applicable to tribunals as well ? SC made it mandatory for all courts. Not sure if tribunals will be included under this.
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@sjerngal GS Score has a fact file on all the constitutional amendments. 


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@Shailputri I am assuming the court must have declared in its order that "free and fair elections" are fundamental to democracy/our polity or something on the similar lines that would have established f&fe as a part of the BS. Other than that, you could argue that since KH92 prima facie reduced the scope of arbitrariness in the speaker's decision to disqualify reps of the people and also provided a mechanism to appeal against her orders (judicial review, that is), it upheld the sanctity of free and fair elections. Elected reps that eventually determines the government were set free of speaker's whims. Hence, elections rescued. 


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@necromancer I agree. The term 'automatic stabilizer' has been mentioned in economy pt365 in the glossary table. However, how does bond price not act as a stabilizer ? Won't the lower rates offered during boom period prevent excess flow of money and hence prevent unpredictability or provide stability ? 


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@necromancer Oh, right. Thanks. I will keep in mind the invisible hand isn't actually automatic. 


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@Caffeinity By devaluation, you essentially reducing the purchasing power of the currency. Imagine a pie that equally divided into four parts. Now each part is 1/4th of the pie. Now if you slice it twice in such a manner that each part is 1/8th, obviously the piece remains one, but its 'value' decreases. If you had promised someone to give '02 'slices of your pie, you would obviously prefer to divide it into 8 slices than 4 to give them a lesser share. 
Similarly, if a govt has borrowed let's say 100000 INR, they can devalue the currency to their advantage. If each USD was worth 50 rupees earlier (assume), now if rupee is devalued such that 1 USD = 100 rupees. Then, when the govt repays the fixed debt, what was effectively worth 2000 USD now is worth 1000 only. Hence, burden reduced. 


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@TheNotorious I am not very sure of this relationship. China is notorious for manipulating currency to promote exports, but as@sstarrr and@balwintejas have explained, that won't help in case of non-yuan denominated debt. 


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@TheNotorious any clue from where to get all rrp pdfs ?


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Should we fret over remembering the different types of majorities required in various cases ?
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@sstarrr Hey, if ES here stands for the Economic Survey, I think it places India at the fourth place after China, Japan, Switzerland. Russia at 5th. 


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@sstarrr I think you're right. I must have updated my notes then. Just to confirm, it's 4th (latest) as per now, right ? 


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Anyone who has been able to memorise the peculiar terms from history, esp the Persian origin medieval history ones ? Can you please share how to learn those terms or esp by deriving their meanings in the language ? 
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could someone please clarify the IUCN status of sandalwood ? Some places say it is vulnerable. Some say it has been moved to near threatened from endangered. 
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could someone please clarify the IUCN status of sandalwood ? Some places say it is vulnerable. Some say it has been moved to near threatened from endangered. 

Pleeeeeeeeese.

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thank you@messiji and@The Mechanic 

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@Archand New Tapiocapolis, if any Tintin fans here :P


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