the share of sates in divisible pool reached its highest of ~36% in 2018-19 after that it has declined steadily and for 2020-21 the figure being as low as 29%
The First Picture is of vision which say Divisible Pool of Central Taxes Fell from 36 to 32 %. While the Second picture is of Livemint which says the Divisible pool of Central taxes is Intact as FC reccomendation. While Share of Gross tax revenue for States Declined..
Does anyone has the same confusion?
an example of oligopsony purchasing from oligopolies could be found in how international oil market works? like India using its position as a lead customer of oil to get better terms with gulf producers.
So, if i understand correctly, is the survey recommending that govt purchase services and medicines from the large providers and then provide them to people just like how NHS of UK purchases in bulk and is able to keep prices within affordable limits?
Can someone explain the new IT rules in a lucid way and the basic difference between the 2011 act and the 2021 act?
It's not a new act, it's being done under the powers conferred by the IT act 2011.
The new IT rules have two dimensions - part 1 deals with social media intermediaries
like fb, twitter, and part 2 deals with digital news media and OTT platforms.
This part 2 was not covered in IT act 2011, but govt went ahead with it anyways
eventhough this would constitute a colorable exercise of power i.e doing
something that govt was not directly empowered to do in the original act.
Now coming to part 1
- the rules divide intermediaries in to two categories -- social media
intermediaries and significant
social
media(ssm) intermediary (those with more than 5 million users like
twitter,
fb,wahtsapp). Both these categories will have different compliance
requirements
particularly with respect to grievance redressal. for instance ssm
intermediaries will have to set up a team of resident grievance officer,
nodal
person of contact , compliance officer, while those with less than
5million
users only need to appoint a grievance officer. Besides there are strict
timelines withing which action has to be taken like 36 hours. Another
important change is in
context of data storage which as been raised to 180 days even if user
deletes
his account.
But the most
regressive
change is the requirement for tracing of originator of data which will
spell
doom for end to end encryption and make users vuknerable to cybercrimes,
surveillance and
violation of privacy by govt, by intermediaries, by hackers. They have
also asked for automated filtering of sexual content like child sexual
abuse from their platform, but the problem is it may lead to function
creep. Besides automated filters like Photodna are not very accurate. FB
algorithm for instance removed the famous Napalm girl photo. And this filtering is also to applied to content that government/court has ordered to be removed. so for instance a farm protest filter can be created and it will take down all such posts.
Moving to part 2 , this is a wholly new section and will be administered by IB misnistry. Here no distinction is made between small and large players. Every organisation dealing in news and current affaris has to comply. Some good steps in this are provisions for age verification, classification of content acording to age , improving accessibility for disabled persons. A code of ethics has been provided in the rules to be adhered by these digital media and ott plarforms. The most controversial of the issues in this section are - emergency blocking powers to take down any content without giving any hearing(more 2016 ndtv ban like incidences ), 3 tier adjudicatory mechanism which is touted as a self-regulatory mechanism but in which ultimately executive will exercise judicial powers and thus goes against separation of power doctrine.
If
companies fail to follow these rules they will lose the shield IT act
that provided them immunity from prosecution for content on their
platform by 3rd parties...Other nitty-gritties can be covered from
vision or other compilation.
Under writ jurisdiction book says it is original in the sense ......
What explains the aversion of shanta kumar committee and niti aayog towards NFSA. Shanta kumar recommended curtailing coverage from present 66.6% to 40% and niti also made a similar call recently. And is DBT a real substitute for food grains? Given the patriarchal nature wouldnt the money be controlled by male of the family and I know it's a cynical view but how would you ensure that the money actually goes towards nutrition and not towards alcohol, and other vices or priorities. Further , when govt provides food theoretically there's some minimum standard , regardless of how much the inflation is people get food. If DBT isn't inflation adjusted people won't be able to purchase food.m when tomatoes go 100 and onions 80.
And This is being recommended when GHI ranking shows india as one of the hungriest country of the world. Further, CoVid ke time par when the even the much vaunted middle class has shrunk by 3 crore and lining up for ration, niti aisa kyu suggest krega.
Give me counter arguments.
Rationality is not automatic, we have to take steps create mechanism and system to constrain irrational behavior. Ideally parents should be sending their kids to school and cut down other non-essential expenditure , but we don't find that happening. So govt has to bring free and compulsory education and MDM. I don't think universalisation of primary education could have been achieved by simply giving direct transfers. The only condition is that govt steps should not be coercive.
And It's not simply a demand side issue , the private sector operates on profit motive , it will offer choice only if it's remunerative. Consequently we see huge disparities in distribution of hospitals and schools. I would really like to know how Ayushman Bharat fared during CoVid , haven't read any article about it. Was the insurance model able to help people get medical care, or should building facilities would have been a better bet .
I am very adamant on point of Universal basic services, I can't let the govts wash their hands off their responsibility by transferring doles. They have to create infra even if it means building a school for just 10 kids in a villages. And thanks to corona I hope govts prioritise social infra over cash transfers.
Enriching discussion this has been for me.
"cash transfers have been provided to families instead, food and education advocates have warned that this would not have the same impact as hot cooked meals on the school premises, especially for girl children who face more discrimination at home and are more likely to drop out of school due to the closures"What explains the aversion of shanta kumar committee and niti aayog towards NFSA. Shanta kumar recommended curtailing coverage from present 66.6% to 40% and niti also made a similar call recently. And is DBT a real substitute for food grains? Given the patriarchal nature wouldnt the money be controlled by male of the family and I know it's a cynical view but how would you ensure that the money actually goes towards nutrition and not towards alcohol, and other vices or priorities. Further , when govt provides food theoretically there's some minimum standard , regardless of how much the inflation is people get food. If DBT isn't inflation adjusted people won't be able to purchase food.m when tomatoes go 100 and onions 80.
And This is being recommended when GHI ranking shows india as one of the hungriest country of the world. Further, CoVid ke time par when the even the much vaunted middle class has shrunk by 3 crore and lining up for ration, niti aisa kyu suggest krega.
Give me counter arguments.
Consider the following statements regarding the interest rates linked with an external benchmark rate:
(i) External benchmark rate can be repo rate or yield on government securities or any rate published by Financial Benchmarks India Pvt. Ltd.
(ii) Once repo rate changes the lending rate of banks will automatically change
(iii) Banks are mandated by RBI to link the deposit and lending rate with external benchmark rate
Select the correct answer using the code given below:
(a) (i) only
(b) (i) & (ii) only
(c) (ii) only
(d) (i) & (iii) only
why the third statement is wrong can someone tell this please and also the previous doubt
I'm not a 100% sure, but I don't think they're mandated to link their deposit rates to external benchmarks. Only the lending rates.
you are right, that must be the case
^from upsc website
what's the position on nominated members of council to be appointed by governor? does governor exercise discretion over it.
Netravali wild life sanctuary and netravati river are not related at all !
This is what I understand
I doubt. CDR is the ratio of cash in hands and balances with the RBI as percentage of aggregate deposits. Cash-Deposit Ratio = (cash in hand + balances with RBI)/Aggregate Deposits (Demand + Time Deposits). MM essentially explains the increase in the amount of cash in circulation generated by the banks ability to lend money out of their depositors funds.
which of the following about ryotwari areas is correct?
a. large amount of land passed into hands of moneylenders, rich peasants , who utilised the service of tenants
b. landless laborers became land owners
c. it ended the practice of lasing out land to tenants at high orices
d. landlordism was totally destroyed
for this qsn every coaching has given b as answer but this is what i found. I marked (a) as i remembered vaguely that during deccan riots one of the grievance was debt bondage to moneylenders
keeping aside a certain amount as a percentage of loan in as a safety measure for loan going bad. For ex If bank loans 10 lakhs then it maybe require to set aside 2 lakh rupees which cant be used for any other purpose. This is the reason why Bad banks are created so that once bad loans are off the books of the bank the money that's stuck as provisions gets unlockedWHAT IS MEANT BY PROVISIONING OF LOANS?
With reference to the economy during the
British rule in India, consider the following
statements:
1. The English East India Company came
to India in the search of raw material to
feed industries in England.
2. The latter half of the nineteenth century
witnessed commercialization of Indian
agriculture.
a, b, both correct , none ?
@D503 I think both. 1 is also correct. 2 toh correct hai hi.
B only, industrial revolution started much later while Brits were here in 1600s itself.
The question in municipality one is asking for one codntion among other conditions that will nee to be fufkfilled so it doesn't matter whether age is 18 or 21 here. The question is not concerned with that fact.
What is the difference between participatory notes and depository receipts?
Depository receipts are used by companies to raise funds from foreign markets where they aren't listed, while participatory notes are used by investors mainly big ones like hedge funds to invest in indian markets without going through hassle of registration with sebi etc
The Constitution states that the laws made by the Parliament are applicable only within the territory of India.
Acc to forum open test this statement is wrong.
But isnt the above statement same as the below statement.
"Laws made by
Parliament may extend throughout or in any part of the territory of
India and those made by State Legislatures may generally apply only
within the terrirory of the State concerned. Hence, variations are
likely to exist from State to State in provisions of law relating to
matters falling in the State and Concurrent Lists."
May be if the option had been framed
like the Parliament cant make laws with extra terrirtorial jurisdction ,
then it would have been false.
Palas gave
patronage to Vaishnavism and made donations to the brahmanas. Another poorly framed option. Every other ruler patronised multiple faiths and gave grants , the option should be ....Also Gave....
yes they have high energy density or so have i read in vision mag@dragon_rider bhai confusion is related to energy density - the sources I have read says -they have one of the highest charge density but in forum test it’s answer is D( if they will not have high charge density then they can’t be good source of energy )
ok if a question asks if the purpose of FAR is to encourage long term investments in Indian debt market , would it be false ?
iska answer forum ne B diya hai, but i think it should be A. FAR is open for all non-resident investors to invest in govt securities
Statement A is talking about Voluntary Retention route.
FAR is not restricted to NRIs , any non resident entity like FIIs can investNo, it will not be wrong because Fully accessible route will encourage long term investment from NRIs ..
Whereas the Voluntary retention route is to encourage long term investment from FOREIGN PORTFOLIO INVESTORS.If I am not wrong this is the main differance between the two.
subtropics par max insolation hota i think kyuki equator toh cloudy rhta tbhi sutropics relatively hot hote and deserts are also prevalent in these regions@THE_MECHANIC between tropics and pole, there should be more on tropics (reason explained above). Within either tropic or pole, areas of higher altitude has more incoming UV as compared to lower areas.
bhai vo to theek h pr isme ese bola h na ki jada clouds jaha honge vaha km UV hogi pr poles pr to equator se km clouds h
High latitude forests store more carbon than tropical rainforests.
What is the reason for this?
Don't remember where I read it but Trees in upper latitudes are hardwood , they store carbon in their stems to withtatnd the winters when photosynthesis is less as trees shed their leaves . In equatorial and evergreen forests though there is no shortage of sunlight, and trees don't need to store much carbohydrates
Edit - you asked for something else and I am answering something else i.e missing the forest for trees.
( A) and (c) ?
B and C, although I think A is correct in first case
iska answer forum ne B diya hai, but i think it should be A. FAR is open for all non-resident investors to invest in govt securities
https://www.rbi.org.in/Scripts/NotificationUser.aspx?Id=11849&Mode=0
@D503 here is the official RBI notification regarding FAR it mentions the investments will still be made under the existing routes i.e- VRR, MTF. So the first statement is not completely true as FAR gives you the option of both long term and short term investment.
Non resident indians ki badle investors use kiya hota toh qsn would have have been quite straight forward.NRIs ke liye exclusive scheme nhi chlayi that was my confusion.
If temperature is high then Relative humidity is low.
Can anyone please explain the relation between RH and temp. In simpler terms? Thanks.
High temperature increases the capacity to hold moisture , whereas low temperature does the opposite and leads to condensation and later precipitation. PV =n RT wala formula I guess, everything else constant ,high temp high volume high water holding capacity, less RH
Can anybody tell with their experience in CSAT, how much time should we actually spend on the passages? I want to have a general idea.
Edit : I can complete some 12-15 passages in half n hour in exam like conditions - talking and stuff.
Tough paras nearly 3 minutes, easy ones less than 50 sec, medium ones around 110-130 sec. 50-55 mins in total on average
If we have to create a fund in the public accounts like say GST compensaton fund, then Legislative permission is requred?
I am not sure. But a separate bill was passed for compensation and similar thing was done for campa fund. Money bill ki definition me it's given that any fund received on account of public fund is also a money bill, I wonder if these bills are passed as financial bills
@sstarrr in my opinion you’re unnecessarily getting worked up here. Largely throughout the years since the enactment of the FRBM Act, central and state governments have adhered to the limits. When not, there have been good enough reasons for it. RBI publishes reports annually, you want to see the reasons, go through these reports. Different states in different years go through a myriad of situations. The act is said to be effective because generally the targets are being adhered to, which was the entire point of the Act. You have no targets, you don’t maintain discipline, you have targets, you are bound to do your best to adhere to them. Some times states will exceed the 3% limit, at other times they’ll even generate a surplus.
The government doesn’t just conjure up terms. Situations change, and since that’s the case, the act itself provides escape clauses. ‘Fiscal slippage’ isn’t being used a an excuse here.
I’m using an old graph here but look at this and tell me that ‘no body adheres to them’:
I’m curious though, what term do you expect the FM to use during a pandemic which has impacted the revenue whilst demanding a raise in spending? At this point taking care of the current economy is more important than sticking to targets defined in settled times imo.
for most of the years FD has been above 3% , and even the seemingly good figures of around 4% have been questioned on account of Creative accounting practices like resorting to off budget borrowings, utilising proceeds of compensation cess to artificially show a lower deficit, forcing FCI to borrow from NSSF so that it doesnt reflect on budget figures. And this has been happening for much before covid struck. Positive thing is govt came clean in recent budget by recognising FCI dues.
IN MID LATITUDES, SALINITY INCREASES UPTO 35 METRE DEPTH AND THEN DECREASES.
Is there any good soul who could care to explain this statement to me??
Thanks in advance :)
Mid latitudes as in Mediterranean? These regions are under influence of warm temperate climates characterised by dry summers and offshore winds. This may result in increased evaporation and consequently relatively higher salt levels in upper layer while salt levels at lower layers remains unaffected.
Taking a guess.
A
Try taking it this way-
1. If prices of domestic goods remain constant, devaluation of currency will be more beneficial.
We can do the same with the other options too and aptly derive a conclusion.
@ToyotaQualis answer from Official answer key is B
Ok so they meant When exports become cheaper to importers of importing countries.
elections under 1909 act were indirect, while 1919 introduced direct elections i guessWere not muslims allowed to vote in 1909? There was a delegation lead by Agha khan as well?
This is my confusion too. Read somewhere that DD Basu says 1909 and Laxmikant says 1919(or other way around, not sure). If anyone has a definitive answer on this, kindly reply
@SergioRamosif it's any consolation to you i got 65 in simulatorX and yet i found myself writing mains. Maza me pado Prelims is fun
lol
maybe many people failed csatwoaahhhh, cutoffs are crazy low. 92 cutoff for prelimsSoooo lowwww?????..
And so many intelligent friends of mine could not clear it with this cut off also???
This is making me even more anxious nowww...
If they could not do it with seemingly low cut off .. then who am I to crack the exam.. 😥😥😥
@D503 Sir where can I see cut off?
around 101 i guessYes. I really hate science and now If d option trick fails in exam, I would be more fearful to attempt science and tech in real exam.
B/w what was the cut off for 2019?
edit - just checked it was 98
B is more efficient so you add not subtract. the factor here would be 5/4 not 3/4. Given same duration B will do 125 unit of work while A only 100 unitsA can do work in 30 daysB is 25% more efficient than AHow many days B will take to finish?In one YouTube video ans is 24 but cant we apply percentage and say B will do in 22.5 days
lol thats what i thought.Q 31 - D because 13 and 17 Both has 1 and 1 remainder and it is asking for uniqueQ32 - A
What's the point of having such a huge coaching center basic question ke answer galat de rakhe hai
(a) 492
(b) 468
(c) 262
(d) 246
cant figure this one
lol . brain cells stopped workingThe letters from A to Z are numbered from 1 to 26 respectively. If GHI = 1578 and DEF = 912, then what is ABC equal to?
(a) 492
(b) 468
(c) 262
(d) 246cant figure this one
The sequence is just twice of each group’s position
so ABC is 123x2 so D
wow and i was doing every operation except simple multiplicationG=7,H=8,I=9, GHI=789 *2=1578
ABC=123*2=246
PS- I don't think these type of questions come in CSAT is it a PYQ?
Please helpUsing the digits 2,3,4,5 and 6 find the sum of all 5 digit numbers that can be formed such that no 2 digits are the same.5333280?
Yeah , but what is the trick here?
(2+3+4+5+6)×11111 × what to multiple here ? Why is it 4 factorial?
how many numbers can be formed with 6 as last digit ? 4*3*2*1 or factorial 4. You repeat this 5 times to get sum of last digits which comes out to be factorial 4 *(2+3+4+5+6) = 480. This will happen at every position. So last digit will be 0 next digit 480+48.... And so on
??@D503 can I also say it because of garo hills are situated on western most margin and as Britishers were expanding from eastern side so they would have firstly came in the contact with garo ?Just trying to make a sense. What's the answer?
I also guessed using same logic, but answer is Khasi
Was rice present in Indus valley diet ?
i attempted 66 question and stopped within 50 minutes(got 73). it seemed pointless. I felt it wasnt going to teach me anything.@D503 I did this last week it was a disaster for me!!!
Just one thing your presumption that someone having benefit of reservation doesn't put extra mile for pre and only prepares to get past the category cutoff is completely flawed. First , usko sapne me nhi aata ki cutoff 70 jayega ya 80 jayega. Second, beneficiaries of reservation are under extra pressure to get everything right because they know their "merit" will subjected to scrutiny. In case of Ria Dabi she must have already known this since Tina Dabi was also trolled for her pre scores. Third, the pattern of prelims is such that it cant be seen as a test of someone's knowledge at all. someone said that Kanishka Kataria wasnt questioned at all because he cleared from general merit. But bro did he not apply in SC category. It just so happened that he managed to get a good score in pre, if he hadn't it's not like he would have not joined services. Fourth , if you care so much about underprivileged of OBC and Sc and ST, why is it that you don't question the system where privileged Upper caste guys from families of IAS and IPS make it to the list. Don't you have any empathy for marginalised of your own caste /class people? The fact is UPSC is an exam of elites. Elites from General, elites from EWS, from OBC , from SC and so on . Dont live in an illusion that had Ria not applied in SC some poor , marginalised Dalit would have gotten in.
PS- there should be a rule that someone having his parents in Group A service should be excluded from benefits of reservation. Question the system not the ethics and morality of the individual candidates.
What exactly is meant by the 1st statement, anyone? Executive power on matters in concurrent list resides with states. So is it possible to explicitly say that executive power of one is superior to another? Or am I interpreting the statement incorrectly?
Article 365 , emergency lag sakti hai as it may be construed as breakdown of constitutional machinery
yes thats what i have read. Though it has been a suggestion that ADL be restricted to important matters where the future of govt itself is at stake like NCM.Okay, so the law is not only applicable in situation of voting but also in the situation of presence at assembly?
Yes impeachment is not be used loosely. But i think even Prez cant remove him as he doesnt hold office at the pleasure of Prez@D503 Impeachment word is used only for President. Be careful with this, we normally use impeachment for SC/HC judges and CAG, CEC but according to Constitution this is wrong because it uses "removal" for these. Constitution uses impeachment ONLY for president. Secondly, Govt here means the President, and the President has a role to remove the CEC if he is removed according to the procedure of Judges Inquiry Act. If the statement had been "Govt by itself cannot remove CEC" that would have been correct.
remembered another thing. A member doesnt have to actually resign from the party, even his conduct can be used to deduce that for all practical purpose he has ceased to be a member. so not attending meetings and acting like Shatrughan Sinha may also constitute defection, i think» show previous quotesyes thats what i have read. Though it has been a suggestion that ADL be restricted to important matters where the future of govt itself is at stake like NCM
in that case there's no one in the country who cant be removed by govt. what would be the point of asking this question then ?@D503 Thats true, but to say Govt "cannot" remove CEC is wrong. It would mean President has no power to remove CEC but in reality it is quite the opposite. By the Constitution, the person isnt removed Until President issues the order. Ultimately it is the President who issues the order, so it is actually the Govt which has removed him. The whole parliamentary thing is the procedure, the ultimate order is of the president. Removal is incomplete until President gives the order. So, Govt "can" remove CEC.
80-85 is my zone. anything below or above results in suboptimal score. But i am thinking of going without any fixed number in mind. I feel upsc is trying to dissuade us from making blind guesses both in pre as well as mains. That's why they have started asking tough questions and trapping tukka experts, pattern decoders.Considering the 2020 cutoff , what number of questions would be ideal to attempt ?
Last time attempted almost 92 , was out by 0.67 marks , I was speculating ideal attempts given difficulty level similar to 2020 ! Any insights ?
Which of the following factors are responsible for the increasing prices of edible oil in India?
1. High import duties on edible oil
2. Hot and dry weather conditions in North America
3. Shifting of edible oils from food basket to fuel basket in foreign markets
4. High export duties by palm oil-producing nations.
Select the correct answer using the code given below.
(a) 1 and 3 only
(b) 2 and 4 only
(c) 1, 3 and 4 only
(d) 1, 2, 3 and 4
i thought the same but on googling found that the import duties have been as high as 40% . recently govt reduced import duties to 17.5% but it also imposed an agri cess of 17.5%@D503 well considering we depend on lot of imports for our edible oil requirements hence the first statement seems to be wrong
D is the answer.
Globally, there have been concerns due to the hot and dry weather conditions in Canada, Brazil, Argentina and the US. Canada is witnessing temperatures between 45 and 48 degrees and there are reports of destruction of the Canola crop. The US is also experiencing dry weather which has affected the soybean crop.@D503 How north america is affecting us ?? Which oil we are importing from there ?
BSP toh national party hai na, how is it possibleThe ECI has also stipulated that a symbol reserved for a state party in any state will not be reserved for another state party in any other state (with effect from December, 1997), or be a free symbol anywhere else
does this mean symbol can't be used anywhere in country?
No. BSP symbol in UP is same as that of Asom gana parishad in Assam.
In the context of the session of the Indian National Congress held at Faizpur in 1936, which of the following decisions/resolutions were taken?
1. Resolution condemning Japanese aggression of China.
2. Exemption of uneconomic holdings from rent and land tax.
3. Formation of Constituent Assembly to frame constitution of their own.
4. Resolution on the abolition of Zamindari and Taluqdari systems.
Select the correct answer using the code given below.
(a) 1 and 2 only
(b) 3 and 4 only
(c) 1, 2 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2, 3 and 4
7.5-3.25 = 4.25 this you can measure by placing 2 roads parallel to each other. after you have measured it you can use 3.25m rod again to measure 4.25-3.25 =1. mistri aise hi naapte hai XDIf you have 2 straight sticks of length 7.5 feet and 3.25 feet what is min length can you measure. (PYQ2020)
A).05 FOOT
B).25 FOOT
C)1FOOT
D)3.25 FOOT
how to do this question
so this was basically n HCF qsn ! *panic intensifies@Jurgen_klopp 0.25 foot750/100 ,325/100 -taking hcf of numerators and lcm of denominators =25/100=.25 foot
no. but this is much cleaner. I stopped after measuring 1, you can reach the answer after 3.25-1 = 2.25 then 2.25-1 and so on@D503 so your method is wrong?
solar system related stuff - solar storms, sunspots, coronal ejections, heliosphere, evolution of earth, black hole, etcWhat are the important topics for Science & Tech? Please comment what you feel!
- Nuclear treaty and nuclear Energy- Biotech (Gene editing, GM crop, RNA, DNA, embryo twinning)
- Space related ( Perseverance, Chandrayaan, Debris)
- IT (5g, AI, Quantum, Blockchain, data security related)
- Health - VAccine
-Energy( geothermal, Hydrogen gas, fuel cells, solar )
Revision is boring! Not at all exciting.
But given the input output ratio, it's the only thing that gives me comfort and not anxiety attack..talking about static
Functional chromosomes can be created by joining segments of DNA taken from cells of different species.(UPSC 2019)
This statement is incorrect. But arent all GM crops created by joining DNA segments of different species? Bacteria and plant are different species.
True , I think that's what Recombinant DNA means
How does DNA vaccine work for COVID?DNA vaccine uses a gene (the gene that is responsible for the spike protein of COVID) from the virus and once it enters the nucleus it is transcribed into mRNA and then translated into the spike protein. Now our bodies will create antibodies to that protein. In mRNA that first step of transcribing into mRNA is skipped.
But Corona virus is a RNA virus and not a DNA virus. Then how come DNA is made from RNA?
mRNA vaccine could be understood but not DNA. If I am worng or I am missing something then pls tell.
Vision me diya hai ki some plasmid DNA from a harmless bacteria is used to deliver info to the cells to teach them to form spike proteins. Bas ratt lia
Thank you everyone who participated on this thread and helped resolve each other's doubts. This thread helped me keep momentum at a time when i was unsure about appearing for the exam. I wish you all success and good days ahead.
If you are in your first attempt or second attempt don't be disheartened by failure at prelims stage , just prepare for mains in a manner that whenever you get the chance you must be able to nail it for once and for all. Also don't hesistate in giving alternate exams and seeking alternative opportunities out there. The exam as it stands right now should not be made your only pursuit.
And don't ignore your mental and physical health at all. Health is wealth sounds like a trite cliche till one day your blood sugar spikes to 170 and your brain can't concentrate for an unbroken hour . There's nothing more important in this world than health. You can live a satisfactory life with good health and a menial job, but you can't get peace of mind with poor health even if you become Ambani level rich.
Take care.
Cons:
- single rate will be against the notion of progressive taxation.
- As luxury and common items will be taxed at same rate. so this will further aggravate inequalities.
- Revenue loss too as rate has to be moderate if it is common for all items, while in case of slabs higher tax rate(subsequently higher revenue) can be imposed.
Pros- Ease of doing business
- tax simplification
- low cost of compliance
- may increase firms in formal sector as various avoid formalization due to complicated rules and tax compliance.
- Can help in reducing illegal trade of certain items due to differental tax [items not covered under GST as of now]
Points noted. Thanks
why Indian children are malnourished despite our food grain production having more than doubled in last 2 decades?
Hunger is a function of other factors than availability of food like - purchasing power and economic slowdown(CES survey decline in cosumption expenditure in rural areas by 8%), sanitation and hygiene (gastrointestinal diseases resulting in poorer absorptive capacity of children), cultural norms(meta son preference, elder son preference, early age of marriage, househld size ), reduced expenditure on and underutilisation of welfare scehme (only 14 states utilised MDM funds entirely and allocation for MDM reduced by 33% between 2014 and 2021 acc to John Dreze), nutritional illiteracy, cheap bad calories and expensive healthy food.
What more points can be added?
^^women political representation has not kept pace with women's political participation in elections because of the traditionally male dominated space of politics. Exceptions are there in the form of Jayalalitha and Mamta Banerjee for example and also a number of other women MP's, MLA's and panchayath chairpersons and councilors but the numbers are less compared to the mainstream.Also in a number of local elections, it is the female candidate backed by the erstwhile male candidates who happens to be their relatives could be found. All this will not lead to a fair participation of women in the political space in their own right. The recent announcement by a party member for 40% in ticket could be step in the right direction. As now it will be compulsory to fill-up these tickets by women and hence their participation could be ensured.
Great idea to use qsn phrases in answers. Will try emulating it myself.
So I read a bit about it on the internet. Some data that can be used -
-at time of independence women MPs 6% of total , 2019 it reached 14%
- amnesty intl study forund that every 1/7 tweet drected at women MPs was sexist and abusive
- global gender gap index india slipped to 140 rank mainly due to slide in political empowerment dimension
A few points - criminalisation and money power, perception of politics being dirty and unsuited for women, different expectations of society from women - a research found that electorate was more harsh on women MPs compared to Men MPs even for same kind of performance this leads to Backlash Effect as a result of which women are less likely to recontest in elections.
When you shove laws down everyone's throat by weaponising mandate without any form of consensus building , grassroot movements are bound to emerge. The parliamentary supremacy has come to mean Executive Domination, less than 20% bills are refered to committees, opposition's views are not sought , parliamentary debates if they ever happen have become an exercise in denigrating each other rather than debating the rational of bills, ab aise me street politics nhi hogi toh kya hoga ? This is not setting any new precedent, rather it's only a reiteration of Gandhian Politics that began in 1920s and has periodically made its presence felt in form of JP movement, Anna movement, movement for FRA, and RTI etc. More than worrying about the outcomes of centres capitulation , we should be deliberating about the causes that have led to a revival of street politics again. The lesson is stop treating yourself as shensha and get down to doing things the democratic way , even if it means a spirit of give and take and takes its own sweet time to bear fruits. The spirit that characterized passge of GST needs to be resuscitated. Thats the only way to govern this vast land. It's when Leaders come to believe that only they know what's the right thing that a state becomes perverse and dysfunctional.
** Besides it's a matter of timing , govt has not capitulated as far as my understanding of politics is concerned. It has only furthered its political propspects in UP. Power is the means and power is the end here. Everything else is secondary. Yes even national interest whatever that nebulous word means. Aisa toh hai NHi PM uthe or Guru Purnima ke din suddenly decide kar liya laws repeal krne ka.
Wese ye Ambedkar vs Gandhi debate ho gya, Ambedkar loathed street politics, for him any kind of political expression should happen through parliamentary processes , he even went on to sya if Gandhian Politics continue into Modern Independent india , democracy will be imperiled. I don't know which side I am on , because to me both are complementary. Whenever the balance tilts in favour of one the other comes in to balance it ,and this balancing of forces can be observed in all kind of political questions . Like theres a view that Ashoka launched policy of Dhamma because of competition and conflict between Hinduism and Buddhism, that's why he says at nyoneone place anyone who disparages others religion not only harms himselff but also the cause of his religion. Nehru's Non alignment was also a way to find a middle path between factions withing congress that advocated pro US and pro Soviet stance respectively, and Mandal emerged to balance Kamandal or vice versa. So not polarised pluralism but middle path, should be pursued.
-- opinionated piece, consider skipping to not waste your precious time.
The 'power of patriarchy' is another common thread of value found prevalent in india. It includes the diverse sexes - men and women too.
As per vision vam this is an example of diversity in unity. Can someone please explain how?
Unity as in whole india is patriarchal, diversity as in there are different forms of patriarchy like Brahmin Patriarchy is widely different from Dalit patriarchy, patriarchy in North east matrilineal society is different than in Haryanvi society and so on. I guess
