@upsc2020 welcome to the 2021 prelims race comrade. A silent reader of forum IAS and have seen you since past 1 year. All the best for your future.
difference between brahmadeya grants and agrahara grants of villages?Agrahara:Primarily a rent free village in the possession of Brahmanas.
Brahmadeya:Generally tax free land or village given as gift to Brahmanas.
Source: IGNOU
what difference it does even make..i have read in ncert that agrahara were referred as land grants. if any diff..can you just explain that?
@sstarrr after reading ndhm nothing came to my mind so I searched and found National Digital Health Mission...But I am writing here as I knew about sandbox as 1-2 years back, it was in news. Before rolling system/ software to the general public, it can be released to a smaller group via sandbox like a pilot project so that if there are some problems then those can be resolved at that stage only.
okay. thanks
Can anyone explain monetisation of deficit? like how does RBI does it..it is like it prints the money and gives to gov? read in vision mag that RBI purcahes govt bonds in the primary mkt?It means the RBI purchases government bonds directly rather than the government borrowing from the markets by selling bonds. It results in the increase in the net holdings of treasury bills by the RBI. With the issue of more money to the government, the money supply in the economy increases.
Essentially, it's a borrowing by govt from RBI to finance it's debt. RBI would print and give money to governments in exchange for bonds. This happens in primary market.
Counter question - what happens in secondary market?
but in vision it was written it does not increase net debt of the centre. So , if RBI buys those bills..will not govt pay interest to the RBI?
In vision it writes that RBI participates in secondary market too , which is indirect monetisation if RBI holds it till perpetuity.
@upsc2020 yeah i know that. vision got it all wrong. (acc to them in monetisation of deficit- govt shouldnt pay any interest to the RBI- which is wrong - they have to pay but at a lower rate)
And with regard to in secondary market - done through OMO (even then the currency is actually printed by RBI- but the buying and selling takes places at the market bond rates- not any subsidised one like happened earlier) - could gather this much info only.
what is patent pooling?Since it is good fodder for mains also and can be used in a variety of answers, sharing this well-written article.
https://www.mondaq.com/india/patent/325602/patent-pool
a questions follows , that the vaccine produced by Serum institute can be an exmaple of patent pooling ? - wrt to giving access to third party for the use of patent commodity,.?
Does omo also requires printing of money?
It raises another question where does rbi gets the money to purchase G-Sec under omo operations!
I know this sound going into the depth..! But i think this much depth is permissible to have a correct and full understanding of the system!
for buying in OMO , its like ..you can go for printing the currency , if RBI wants to increase money supply ( they would work as assests ) but then RBI can also not print money and buy if it doesnt want to increase money supply in the economy.
which is the largest trading bloc partner of india? is it EU or GCC or ASEAN? mrunal says EU is 3rd while vision says EU is first..!EU is the largest.
this source even I saw. I guess yehi sahi hoga.
@upsc2020 Areh why to take everything in negative way? I felt let others answer. If answer posted here , I may see it without answering 🤦🏻♂️. Let’s be positive towards others. Thread was so inactive these days.
The way you said wasn't in a positive way either.
I think AG has to take permission if she is defending someone in a criminal case or accepting directorship of a company. And in no case, can she appear or advise against the government. For civil cases, in which government is not the other party, I think government's permission is not needed.AG is not a public servant. He can carry on with his private practice with one rider that in cases concerning government he has to take its permission. Is this right ?
Scroll article says : He has to take permission from Law ministry for defending a private client.
I think then, the main difference is in the degree of formality. My boss may give me the responsibility of doing a task and if I don't do it, he may reprimand me for being irresponsible. This is an informal sort of punishment. However, if violate a company rule related to my official position, the punishment would be according to the rules and regulation. It will be more formal. This would be a way of holding me accountable. So we can probably conclude that:I think in a general sense both are quite similar and can be used interchangeably sometimes. They are different when we are speaking of institutions and governance.
In that case, responsibility is a general concept that tells you whose job is it is to do a certain task. Accountability is a way of actually enforcing that responsibility - it tells you not only who is responsible, but who can be held responsible.
A person who is accountable for a certain task is dutybound to answer questions about whether it was completed, how it was completed, when it can be expected to be completed etc., and if the answers are not satisfactory, the person may even have to face some penalty. Accountability is usually fixed on a certain person or institution through laws and rules.
Sometimes someone can be responsible for doing a certain task, but not be accountable for it. MPs have the responsibility to debate in the house, but they are not accountable to a court for what they say (of course, ultimately they are accountable to the public opinion - but there is no direct institutional mechanism for enforcing it)
Conversely, someone may not be responsible for something, but is still accountable for it. It isnotexpected of ministers to be responsible for writing every clause of a law that comes out of their ministry, but if some question is asked about it in Parliament, they would still be accountablefor it and have to answer it.
Usually when some process doesn't run properly, the problem isn't that no one is responsible for it, but that no one is accountable for it.
Responsibility is the duty to do something, while accountability is formally enforced responsibility with provisions of penalty.
Do you think this formulation is correct?
Also, I think your example of accountability without responsibility may not be totally correct. The minister may not be responsible for drafting each clause of the statute, but she is surely responsible to oversee the formulation of draft and present it in the house. Thus, her accountability to fellow legislators stems from this responsibility. I think accountability must necessarily include an aspect of responsibility. Do you agree with this?
Accountability would not always come with provisions of punishment - In my opinion , we can equate accountability with answerability of your actions, or liability . - formal or informal. Informal examples could be , the minister being accountable to the people for their actions - its not written in the constitution that they are accountable, their is no provisions any where but they are responsible for welfare of people, and can be held accountable also- during elections, press briefing .
The examples seems wrong to me also. We can have example of working of police. The SP or any senior official is accountable to the ministers or to his seniors or even to people for the actions of his subordinate , when he is not directly responsible. In any position , the seniors are held accountable for the act of juniors, even if they are not directly responsible.
Can states in India raise loans from outside India?Article 293 states the following:
Subject to the provisions of this article, the executive power of a State extends to borrowing within the territory of India upon the security of the Consolidated Fund of the State within such limits, if any, as may from time to time be fixed by the Legislature of such State by law and to the giving of guarantees within such limits, if any, as may be so fixed.
So the answer to your question would be that state governments can NOT raise loans outside India.
That being said, I think state governments can directly borrow from from bilateral financing agencies abroad for infrastructure projects with the central government providing a counter-guarantee. That is, if the state government fails to pay back the loan, the Centre would pay them back.
What if a state govt wants to borrow but not upon the security of consolidated fund of the state? Would such a limitation then apply? I don't think so.
The infrastructure example is regarding the state 'entities' and not the govt per se, i.e. state govt autonomous bodies or undertakings can borrow directly for infrastructure projects(otherwise they would have to depend on budgetary allocation or local borrowings). In this example too, guarantee is provided by state govt itself and counter guarantee by Central govt.
Then what would the state government provide as security? And in the infrastructure case, state entities can NOT borrow. It is the state government that borrows the money on behalf of the entity.
“The funding arrangements that bilateral agencies such as Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) provide, is either with State governments or central PSUs — State entities are not allowed,” said Finance Minister Arun Jaitley. “If any State entity needs funding for its projects, it has to approach the State government and any such funding would be included under the State’s borrowing limits set by the Fiscal Responsibility and Budget Management (FRBM law).”
I read about Kerala issuing Bonds (like masala bonds) in the international market - kerala infrastructure investments bonds in london stock exchnage. This is a external borrorwing, by kerala govt.
So, I think they can borrow, maybe with permission of the central govt if they have some outstanding loans with the centre.
@sstarrrthanks I was confused as approaching SC for violation of FRs also comes under original jurisdiction but here only federal is written
We can approach HC as well for FR violations
Can states in India raise loans from outside India?Article 293 states the following:
Subject to the provisions of this article, the executive power of a State extends to borrowing within the territory of India upon the security of the Consolidated Fund of the State within such limits, if any, as may from time to time be fixed by the Legislature of such State by law and to the giving of guarantees within such limits, if any, as may be so fixed.
So the answer to your question would be that state governments can NOT raise loans outside India.
That being said, I think state governments can directly borrow from from bilateral financing agencies abroad for infrastructure projects with the central government providing a counter-guarantee. That is, if the state government fails to pay back the loan, the Centre would pay them back.
What if a state govt wants to borrow but not upon the security of consolidated fund of the state? Would such a limitation then apply? I don't think so.
The infrastructure example is regarding the state 'entities' and not the govt per se, i.e. state govt autonomous bodies or undertakings can borrow directly for infrastructure projects(otherwise they would have to depend on budgetary allocation or local borrowings). In this example too, guarantee is provided by state govt itself and counter guarantee by Central govt.
Then what would the state government provide as security? And in the infrastructure case, state entities can NOT borrow. It is the state government that borrows the money on behalf of the entity.
“The funding arrangements that bilateral agencies such as Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) provide, is either with State governments or central PSUs — State entities are not allowed,” said Finance Minister Arun Jaitley. “If any State entity needs funding for its projects, it has to approach the State government and any such funding would be included under the State’s borrowing limits set by the Fiscal Responsibility and Budget Management (FRBM law).”
I read about Kerala issuing Bonds (like masala bonds) in the international market - kerala infrastructure investments bonds in london stock exchnage. This is a external borrorwing, by kerala govt.
So, I think they can borrow, maybe with permission of the central govt if they have some outstanding loans with the centre.
There was a case in the SC claiming this was unconstitutional. I couldn't find out what happened to the case. The petitioner withdrew the petition once, but then filed again I think. I'm not too sure what the end result of this was.
More importantly, the CAG had also said this power was not provided in the Constitution since it violates Article 293 (1). So for the purposes of the exam, I think we should go with that the state govt. can NOT borrow from abroad upon the security of the Consolidated Fund of the State.
KIIFB borrowings have no legislative nod: CAG report - The Hindu
Yeah, Even I just read that its stuck due to all of this.
@Villanelle explained it nicely. Original means , not by the way of appeal, but directly you can approach. So for federal and the FR violations, SC can be approached directly, not by the way of appeal.
What explains the aversion of shanta kumar committee and niti aayog towards NFSA. Shanta kumar recommended curtailing coverage from present 66.6% to 40% and niti also made a similar call recently. And is DBT a real substitute for food grains? Given the patriarchal nature wouldnt the money be controlled by male of the family and I know it's a cynical view but how would you ensure that the money actually goes towards nutrition and not towards alcohol, and other vices or priorities. Further , when govt provides food theoretically there's some minimum standard , regardless of how much the inflation is people get food. If DBT isn't inflation adjusted people won't be able to purchase food.m when tomatoes go 100 and onions 80.
And This is being recommended when GHI ranking shows india as one of the hungriest country of the world. Further, CoVid ke time par when the even the much vaunted middle class has shrunk by 3 crore and lining up for ration, niti aisa kyu suggest krega.
Give me counter arguments.
Advantages of DBT in food :
1. Every family can choose food to consume according to its own nutritional requirements
2. reduced fiscal deficit ->govt can improve delivery in healthcare and education.
3. DBT- with JAM- ensures money directly reaches to the beneficiary and the middle men do not consume it ->inclusion exclusion errors are less
4. FCI ->reduces the cost of holding of food grains ->use the food grains during inflation etc
5. Family can spend excess money if any for health issues, education
6. wastages of food can be stopped ->FCI wastes so much grains every year.
issues :
1. Families using the money for other things ->marriages, alchohol , other purchases->impacts nutritional levels
2. JAM linkages hindrances for the poorer sections ->inclusion exclusion error
3. Inflation issue
4. Fiscal burden on govt->whom to include and how much to provide
way forward (with DBT):
1. To reduce inclusion exclusion error :
- identifying benefeciairies
- proper linkage estbalished through jan dhan account and addhar authentication
2. DBT in the name of women member of the family and only she can withdrew the money from her account
3. regulation of food prices in the market ->through flow of grains thorugh FCI procured through MSP
What explains the aversion of shanta kumar committee and niti aayog towards NFSA. Shanta kumar recommended curtailing coverage from present 66.6% to 40% and niti also made a similar call recently. And is DBT a real substitute for food grains? Given the patriarchal nature wouldnt the money be controlled by male of the family and I know it's a cynical view but how would you ensure that the money actually goes towards nutrition and not towards alcohol, and other vices or priorities. Further , when govt provides food theoretically there's some minimum standard , regardless of how much the inflation is people get food. If DBT isn't inflation adjusted people won't be able to purchase food.m when tomatoes go 100 and onions 80.
And This is being recommended when GHI ranking shows india as one of the hungriest country of the world. Further, CoVid ke time par when the even the much vaunted middle class has shrunk by 3 crore and lining up for ration, niti aisa kyu suggest krega.
Give me counter arguments.
The DBT will be given on the basis of ration cards, as it is related to food provisioning. The ration cards are issued in the name of the female head of the household. The ration card has linked to it the bank account of the female head under whose name the ration card is issued. The DBT will be made to this bank account only and most of these bank accounts would be under the PM Jan Dhan Yojana regime and hence I think the DBT funds would be under the direct disposal of these female heads only in most of the cases barring some exceptions and they will decide on how to spend the amount received via this DBT.
And though DBT has several flaws in it but still it is a potential way forward keeping in mind the corruption, ill practices and the discretions the food grain allotters/distributors enjoy under the existing food grain provisioning system.
Having in her account won't ensure she spends it. Authority of males in the family has to be taken into consideration.
Consider the following statements with reference to the National Biodiversity Authority (NBA):
1. NBA is a statutory autonomous body established under the Biological Diversity Act, 2002.
2. NBA regulates access to India’s biological resources and associated knowledge by Indians and non‐Indians as well.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct? (a) 1 only (b) 2 only (c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2
Answer should be 1? NBA: Non-Indians, SBB: Indians.
What is the answer? I feel the 2nd statement is confusing. Indians are actually required to get permission only for certain specified activities like bio survey or some sort of commercial activity from SBB.
For 2nd Statement, for Indian citizens, SBB regulates access to resources while NBA for NRI and foreign nationals.
The SBBs also regulate, by granting of approvals or otherwise upon requests for commercial utilization or bio-survey and bio-utilization of any biological resource by the Indians : This is mentioned in NBAindia.org.
I read somewhere that Indians are free to use the biological resources including the hakims and all.
Maybe then it is SBB regulate access to resources for Indian citizens excluding local communities and Hakims etc.
P.S : Now after reading more, I finally got some understanding, for any research etc by Indian nationals, they need not seek permission. Permission is required through SBB only when they are seeking commercialisation. Permission is not required in collaborative research as well, if it is acc to the rules framed by NBA.
Yup. Thats a point in RS sharma and that confused me a bit.
What is your strategy to deal with such questions...leave or guess? Could you explain with an example by solving these.
1. Selecting items from an uncountable list
2. Arranging states
3. Arranging dates
For The agriculture cess question my logic was, we put cess over the items which are either luxury or sin goods. Apples are consumed by common man and hence it won't be put here. As it had option 1 I might have gone for it.
For GST question : I would have excluded canned fish as it luxury for me. Cooked egg is made even at roadside and newspaper I knew. So I would have gone with 1,2 and 4.
For GSDP questions, it is a tough question, reason being - UP is large state and Maha is financial hub - I would have choose Maha - for port etc + is is one of largest exporting state + financial hub and we know how UP is termed one of the poor states. B/w West bengal and MP - I would have chooses WB, based on similar logic- it is more developed, size is more or less similar to MP (MP>WB) , but still trade etc would have lead me to choose WB.
Essential commodities act - Here I would have kept fodder seed out of bound, I didn't find it worth an essentail commodity and not all people actually need that. Drugs I knew, fertiliser I knew. So elimination would have worked.
The forest areas, would have been a knowledge based - right now I don't remember but these are major states wrt forest cover I would have had remembered them. But if logic was to be used, I would have gone for chattisgarh to be highest, seeing its size and forest (General knowledge - no specific one) and maharastra to be lowest (as MP has the highest forest area)
Edit : Answer bata dijiye. I want to know kahan tak sahi hoti mei.
@LetsGetThisBread @sstarrr @Asmita_101
Answers in sequence
D
D
C
C
C
C
Cess qn : i applied the same logic as@sstarrr . Turns out GOI doesn't think on similar lines.
Gst qn : some kind of logic can be applied here as@Asmita_101 did. Cooked items can invite gst. There was controversy over parotta vs roti and all. So my sunday bfast of bread and boiled eggs me se bread wont invite gst and eggs will. Logic : fail.
Gsdp qn : correctly pointed out@LetsGetThisBread . MH >UP. Altho up was also in news having overtaken GUJ AND TN. but MP vs WB is tricky. We can apply some logic about coastal vs non coastal. Logic of@sstarrr : works.
Essential commodities : turns out seed is imp. There are 7 ECs.
Forest qn : everyone got this right.
History qn : no attempts?
Pray that our logic is along govt lines. Aise qns na karte bante hain na skip karte.
.
please explain the reason behind answer.
Preamble is not independently justifiable, (for example preamble provides for economic justice but it is not justifiable and hence a poor person may not be able to sue government for this)however if there is a situation wherein preamble is used with some other justifiable provision of the constitution, then the preamble will also have a legal effect.
for example if provisions of preamble is used along with fundamental rights , then whatever is given in that particular case in the preamble will also be deemed to be justifiable.
This was established by Supreme Court in a judgement which I don't really remember now. I hope this clears something.
Oh. So it was because of SC judgement. I was going through the Lakshmikant's version and hence got it wrong.
@sstarrrin determining constitutionality of a law , SC may take help of preamble. Thats when preamble has a legal effect imo
Yeah. Even I get that. We have to look broadly , SC might take help of the preamble for determining constitutionality.
@sjerngalBut money bills can be independent of budgets also, right? Eg. Aadhar Bill. I got this particular doubt while discussing it with a friend. He did magna carta of Atish Mathur, who told pvt members are not explicitly barred. Albeit, due to provisions like the prior permission of Prez. and budget being prerogative of Govt, it may not be possible for them to introduce money bill.
My doubt still remains. :/
True. There is no such provisions. Money bills do not constitute only budgets but as mentioned under article 110, many other bills. As you have said there are many other conditions, which might not lead to money bills passing, but they are not explicitly banned for private members to introduce.
Is the NCSC still required to discharge functions with regard to Other Backward Castes?Since now that NCBC has been constituted as a constitutional body, has this position changed?
I don't think they would have to do now. As its a constitutional body, whatever functions that NCSC was performing would be performed by the NCBC.
@Archand This was asked in CDS this year. Don't have the official key yet but I found 'b' given on several websites. Please tell how you ruled out 'c' ?
In my opinion , we take nominal interest rates because whenever we buy a loan , and when we payback, inflation is not acocunted. If inflation would have been accounted it would have lead to lots of issues, changing rate of interest which is not good for the banks or the customers.
Which of the following statements are true regarding 'Terms of trade' (ToT) of a country with another country:
(i) It is ratio of export price index to import price index
(ii) It is a ratio of value of exports to value of imports
(iii) It is a measure of how much imports a country can get for a unit of exported goods
(iv) ToT increases with increase in price of exported goods
Select the correct answer using the code given below:
(a) (i) only
(b) (ii) & (iv)
(c) (i), (iii) & (iv) only
(d) (ii), (iii) & (iv) only
shouldn't the answer be option d , ??
I think its b. There is gross and net terms of trade. Gross terms of trade is the ratio of volume of exports to value of imports. Net is about the value of trade. For India both are -ve.
wait read this
FDI is done in equity and shares . Now reason for FDI to come in a country is economic growth . THey want management control for decisions.
FPI's are for quick money making . They invest in both Debt papers,bonds/ Equity shares . WHy so beocz bonds me they can sell it as soon as they fetch higher price in market . Equity me they will get good return due to booming economic growth .
FPI invests in gsec's subject to 6% upper bracket and 2% in SDLs
Now you have confused me. Do we really have to make a difference as like FPI and FDI while talking about foriegn invetsments in g-secs. Foreign investment is foriegn investment. I think the difference b/w FPI and FDI is mainly due to the how much one invests in the company and would make no sense here. (10% or the above rule)
One more doubt : when talking about foriegn invetsments, are all the FPI's allowed to investment in G-secs w/o limit or there is difference b/w NRI's and others.
Division of subjects between Centre and Provinces - GOI Act 1919 or 1935 ?
Spectrum refers as 1935 while Forum key refers as 1919.
In 1919, it was based on an executive decision, it was not constitutional. So division of subjects was the decision of the executive, which makes it not so desired option. I think we should go for 1935, because consitutionally it was done at that time, while the idea proposed during 1919.
I have read somewhere which I can't find now, it said that it was not a federation per se because it was like it happens in UK, its an executive decision, the governor-general w/o any constitutional change might take back the the subjects from the provinces. This could not be done in govt of India act 1935. It was just a division of subjects was specified in the act and it was no federation.
Screenshot of lakshmikant:
@sstarrr yes but separation of subjects was provided constitutionally. The initial query isn’t on the concept of federalism and how the situation was post GoI Act, 1919. It was in respect of today’s SFG test question where the statement given was: ‘it demarcated and separated the central and provincial subjects’.The overarching powers to the Gov. Gen. were also a constitutional provision. His power to unilaterally change a subject’s category has no bearing on whether overall the subjects were demarcated. The Act itself very clearly makes a distinction between Central subjects and Provincial subjects. What constitutes those subjects was decided based on rules, so an executive decision but again, the question isn’t who or how the subjects were demarcated, just whether separation was provided or not.I think now we’re both aligned. While which subjects were put under which list would be done as per rules provided under the act, the answer for the question whether subjects were divided first under GoI Act 1919 or 1935 would be- 1919
Right. I am not in SFG so I did not know what was asked. I was expecting a question on federation. If it comes to demarcation then of course its 1919.
Give suggestions guys, I have tried attempting some of the test. The recent ones. I attempt in the range of 40-45, get somewhere 5-9 incorrect. Score hovers's around 65-75 ( for 50 ques)
I don't know all the stuff, intelligent guessing is working, should I be happy I am scoring or I be sad that I don't know stuff. People who are attempting SFG tell me, do you guys are also making intelligent guessing? or you know everything.
How would you have solved this?
@sstarrr also always see PYQs if the type of question is asked . last 4-5 years you will get to see the pattern they are asking . observe that and stick to your plan . do not panic in such questions . haan but leopard and groundnut one you can prepare and will be beneficial for sure in exam .
crops me : cotton/sugarcane/tea/coffee/wheat/jute/pulses /millets/jowar /apple/banana/groundnut if you prepare it will be helpful in exam either directly or through option elimination
hope this helps
Thank you. Yeah I have made a list of probable's, but you get bouncer.
I solved all of them through some guess and some knowledge :)
Prima facie, even I would have gone for (d). But if I re-read the last sentence properly, I can see that they have mentioned two roles for a state. A)To abstain from bla bla blah and B) Regarding private players..
Now if I look at these two(which one will get only after reading and re-reading very properly), then I will go with option 1 and 2..
I wonder what Upsc has mentioned in its own answer key though. Because only then will we be able to know whether. We need to read sentences on the face value , or should we read between the lines..
What is the upsc answer?
Its of 2020 so no answer key!
I have been very confused with CSAT para's now.
D?
I did (d). Vajiram and drishti had (a) as an answer. I don't know why?
Prima facie, even I would have gone for (d). But if I re-read the last sentence properly, I can see that they have mentioned two roles for a state. A)To abstain from bla bla blah and B) Regarding private players..
Now if I look at these two(which one will get only after reading and re-reading very properly), then I will go with option 1 and 2..
I wonder what Upsc has mentioned in its own answer key though. Because only then will we be able to know whether. We need to read sentences on the face value , or should we read between the lines..
What is the upsc answer?
The reason I didn't go for A is because of the word 'institution.' There is no mention of institution or anything in the paragraph. If they had said 'mechanism' I might have gone for A. I would still go with D unless of course UPSC says its A
Availability of security? Role of state? Will all this not require 'some institutions'for enforcement? Since some valid assumptions have to be made, should we not read the passage in entirety rather than looking for specific words?
I have two things to say :
1. The last paragraph was about right to expression where it says that state should in iteself not prevent freedom of expression and second was not allow private parties to do so as well. - Now if we follow the same analogy, where does the idea of state participitation is there? I think there is no idea for that and b would be the only one right.
2. @sjernal was right? Do we have to look so closely at each of the paragraphs? This would then be ridiculous!
Which one of the following observations is not true about the Quit India Movement of 1942 ?
Should be A. Violence took place.
Communists dint participate in QIM as Russia was on the side of Britain.
however, books mention "strikes by workers". I am not sure which workers is being referred to.
Yeah. Answer should be a.
It was a violent movement, as all the leaders were arrested during it and the masses were left on their own.
Does SLR affect the money multiplier?Higher slr will decrease the m.m. as less money will be available to offer as credit
But when banks buy SLR, banks give money to the govt , if govt spends money, there would be increase in money supply.
I am not sure how will that work because these both are opposing actions and there are chances that this might lead to increase in Money supply.
@Archand There is a difference between civil disobedience movement and non-cooperation movement.
Civil disobedience movement means breaking the laws which entails non paymnet of taxes, not following directions by british govt etc.
Non-cooperation does not entail breaking laws, it to stop cooperating , to stop cooperation which would have rendered an impact over their functioning. That's why 1920 movement is called non-cooperation and not civil disobiedience. So taxes doesn't come into picture.
Does SLR affect the money multiplier?Higher slr will decrease the m.m. as less money will be available to offer as credit
But when banks buy SLR, banks give money to the govt , if govt spends money, there would be increase in money supply.
I am not sure how will that work because these both are opposing actions and there are chances that this might lead to increase in Money supply.
Yes, but we should not mix m.m. and money supply in here. Money supply could increase in form of m0 to m4 which have diff relations with m.m.
On the other hand, when banks can't lend a part of their deposits, they are able to create less credit(that's the whole point of having reserve ratios in first place!). And yes, when govt spends money that might just be an increase in currency circulation or investment which would not have impact on loans created by banks or the m.m.
I agree and I don't say that SLR is not going to impact money multiplier , it is going to impact for sure. But there is a reason why testbook often mention only CRR and not SLR. I think this might be one of the reason.
When the govt spends, money in the hands of people increase, they might deposit the money with the banks as well which in turn would lead to increase in loans given, increasing money multiplier.
When we talk about federation , we put American federation at the highest pedestal and its ideal as well - maybe one of the reason is because its oldest. But as American federation is indestructible union of indestructible states , I beleive its neccessary for a federation to be indestructible in nature.
Many people have liked this statement so it could be right, but isn't the American federation is "indestructible union composed of indestructible states"? Please correct me.
I am so sorry. I wanted to write that federation is indeed indestructible. I don't know what I was thinking at that time, that I just fumbled with the sentence and did not even cross check before posting.
I have corrected it.
@Caffeinity By devaluation, you essentially reducing the purchasing power of the currency. Imagine a pie that equally divided into four parts. Now each part is 1/4th of the pie. Now if you slice it twice in such a manner that each part is 1/8th, obviously the piece remains one, but its 'value' decreases. If you had promised someone to give '02 'slices of your pie, you would obviously prefer to divide it into 8 slices than 4 to give them a lesser share.Similarly, if a govt has borrowed let's say 100000 INR, they can devalue the currency to their advantage. If each USD was worth 50 rupees earlier (assume), now if rupee is devalued such that 1 USD = 100 rupees. Then, when the govt repays the fixed debt, what was effectively worth 2000 USD now is worth 1000 only. Hence, burden reduced.
Doesn't this work only if the debt is rupee denominated?
Yes I was going to answer this only. It would work only when the debt is taken in rupee denomination as how masala bond works.
That's right . Essentially, if a country's currency is devalued, the sovereign debt burden increases - for the other currencies dominated loans or bonds (like dollars mostly- it can be other currency dominated loans as well)- as now we will have to pay more Indian rupee for the same amount of dollars.
So devaluation does leads to increase in soverign debt burden.
I will tell you one thing, when we calculate national income ( GNP or NNP), we don't include transfer payments , but when the case comes at Market price V FC, then in MP we add taxes and deduct subsidies.
But when we calculate the net disposable income- we include transfer payments, which does mean there is some difference between the two.
I think No. Because when the joint sitting of parliament happens, Vice prez is not a member of it, which can mean he is not.
@sstarrr Correct. Please explain the logic behind statement 1 being wrong?
Guaranteeing NBFC to do banking does not mean they are going to serve the under-served people, while all other clearly are going to benefit people.
Which test series? I don't understand the statement - concluded with Village Community?
The taxes were to be paid by the villages as a whole , not individually like in the Ryotwari system how it was done in the mahalwari system in south India.
OPSC 2021. Concluded with village community like we say..."conclude an agreement with someone". Question asks which land settlement made agreement with village community directly.
I think its b.
one of the powers of Election Commission mentioned is to determine the territorial area of electoral constituencies throughout the country based on Delimitation Commission Act of Parliament. What does this power mean? Isn't delimitation carried out by the Delimitation Commission itself? Is it merely advisory?
I read once that delimitation commission consists of members from EC. Not fully butI guess CEC is member of it along with other State election commission.
Delimitation commission isn't advisory, its decisions are binding and as far as I remember they cannot be challenged in SC/HC. I am not sure.
I have an doubt over this.
1. Deficit financing - OMO's is a method used by RBI to buy bonds in secondary market.
2. Monetisation of deficit - when RBI buys directly from the primary market the G-sec's.
But won't the reserve money increase in both the cases ?
EDIT : I think not in both the cases.
DIFFERANCE BETWEEN ASSET RECONSTRUCTON COMPANY AND BAD BANKS?Asset Reconstruction would just tend to take find potential buyers of the strained assets . It does not take over the control of the entire assets rather just facilitate the purchase.( in layman term you can equate them to real estate broker facilitating land sale/purchase). THE ARC take these Assets on discount and then resell. they do not take direct upfront NPA's.
BAD banks will just take over the entire NPA of PSB,s . Effect will be that PSB will recover entire amount upfront. While the Bad bank will suffer the loss of the NPA,s. Burden of NPA gets transferred to bad bank.
Hope this helps.
FROM VIVEK SIRS EXPLAINATION : THIS MIGHT GIVVE MORE CLARITY REG BAD BANK :
The above is news from Hindu. Following are some relevant points.
1) Govt. of India has created a "bad bank" named "National Asset Reconstruction Company Limited (NARCL)". NARCL is owned by Government of India, which basically means NARCL/bad bank is a PSU.
2) Let us understand what the article is trying to say through an example:
Suppose SBI had earlier given loan worth Rs. 1000 crore and it turned into NPA.
So, SBI would like to sell this NPA/bad loan to the bad bank (NARCL) and recover the money and would like to focus on its banking business.
So, Bad bank will purchase this NPA from SBI but not in Rs. 1000 crore. The bad bank will try to estimate how much money it would actually be able to recover from the NPA and accordingly it would quote a price for it. If SBI also agrees then, SBI will sell this NPA/bad loan (paper) to bad bank, let us say in Rs. 300 crore. But the bad bank will not immediately pay in cash Rs. 300 crore to SBI. Rather, the bad bank will pay 15% of the agreed amount (of the Rs. 300 crore) i,e. Rs. 45 crore in cash and the rest 85% i.e. Rs. 255 crore in securities (a kind of debt paper). But what if the bad bank/NARCL in future does not pay the amount mentioned in the security ?? i.e. bad bank does not repay its debt of Rs. 255 crore.
So, as per the news article, Govt. of India has agreed to provide "Government Guarantee" on the securities that will be issued by the bad bank.
You may be wondering that why there is a need of Govt. guarantee, when the bad bank is already a Govt. company. You should know that a Govt. company can also default. Govt. of India is not legally bound to pay the liabilities of a Govt. company.
I think both of your statement are contradictry.
The name of the proposed bad bank in the name itself has ARC in it. So I don't think there is any such difference between the two.
Correct me if I am wrong.
@Shailputrihigh bond yield >money flows out of risky equity to safe and assured return on bonds >equity returns decrease. There may be exceptions but generally there's a negative relation between the two. The movement in bonds may be like 6% to 8% to 7.5% as investors flock towards bonds but in parallel equity may be going 8% to 6% to 5%.
.
With reference to the economy during the
British rule in India, consider the following
statements:
1. The English East India Company came
to India in the search of raw material to
feed industries in England.
2. The latter half of the nineteenth century
witnessed commercialization of Indian
agriculture.a, b, both correct , none ?
(b) ?
Indigo revolt happened during 1859 , indigo plantation and all.
NRI = Non-Residents of India or say Non-Resident Investors. I know it was shitty to call them NRI (Non-Resident Indians) and create the confusion.
The major diff b/w VRR and FAR is while the former is the entire debt market of India, the latter is just investment in G-secs (not corporate or any other bonds.)
This is because of the notes of coaching walas! Some used NRI, which lead to everyone using NRI's.
annex 1 - developed
annex 2 - some annex 1 offering finaical assistance to developing
annex b- targets for annex 1 nations
We can just confine ourselves to Annex I and non Annex countries. I havnt come across any qn requiring to remember annex 2, b concepts...
Annex B parties and Non-annex. Significance is of these two.
Thank you@D503 and@chamomile I am doing PYQ and I am dependent on LR and quants mostly and hence don't want to dedictate extra time on them.
You are right@chamomile . Your strategy is great considering I will be able to give sufficient time on quant, LR and passages within the first reading and would be able to give justice to each sections , because I have seen passages generally consume a lot of time which might lead me to panic mode after that and I might ruin chances in even those questions which I know.
@D503 That's a good breakup of time. I will try to reduce further time for long paragraphs by first reading questions and then finding answers.
Shukriya Shukriya.
If we have to create a fund in the public accounts like say GST compensaton fund, then Legislative permission is requred?I am not sure. But a separate bill was passed for compensation and similar thing was done for campa fund. Money bill ki definition me it's given that any fund received on account of public fund is also a money bill, I wonder if these bills are passed as financial bills
I remember reading somewhere that for the creation of initial funds in Public accounts a bill was required.
Anyone? I meant to ask are there any penal provisions or something like that in FRBM when states do no adhere to the targets because always we see FD more than 3% only.
Never read anything like that. I believe it is just to improve fiscal discipline .
And anyway who is going to penalize the union govt for exceeding their fiscal deficit????
So, even by this logic, I do not think there are any penal provisions.. Please correct me if I am wrong.
Logic is right. But like in covid times there was an amendment for the states to exceed their fiscal deficit to 5% and borrow more. Why do they have to do it? If states don't have enough money they would anyhow borrow from market. So why these targets and stuff.
Never read anything like that. I believe it is just to improve fiscal discipline .
And anyway who is going to penalize the union govt for exceeding their fiscal deficit????
So, even by this logic, I do not think there are any penal provisions.. Please correct me if I am wrong.
I have read somewhere that FRBM limits are statutory and if it cannot be adhered to, amendments to the act need to be made.Maybe judiciary could question the legislature otherwise, if they go beyond the escape clause specified in the act.
You don't adhere to the law, so you change the law. That's not really a great idea.
And I think they are just targets which are there , nobody adhres to them. Fiscal slippage - kind of terms are used by our FM when they cannot stick to the targets.
@sstarrr Hey, if ES here stands for the Economic Survey, I think it places India at the fourth place after China, Japan, Switzerland. Russia at 5th.
No, its 5th in the recent ES. I have cross checked with my notes rn.
Each state have their different FRBM Act, the central one only applies to the Central Govt. They either have some extra deficit clause or bring amendments to the targets if required.
And for Central govt, CAG is empowered to ensure compliance. No idea about states though.
But the limits for each state is setup by the central govt only, which is same for all the states under the central FRBM act. NK Singh committe report on FRBM targets mentioned the goals for state to be 3% by 2023-25, so It means each state formulate thier laws based on central act and acc to article 293 as well, this should be done.
@sstarrr in my opinion you’re unnecessarily getting worked up here. Largely throughout the years since the enactment of the FRBM Act, central and state governments have adhered to the limits. When not, there have been good enough reasons for it. RBI publishes reports annually, you want to see the reasons, go through these reports. Different states in different years go through a myriad of situations. The act is said to be effective because generally the targets are being adhered to, which was the entire point of the Act. You have no targets, you don’t maintain discipline, you have targets, you are bound to do your best to adhere to them. Some times states will exceed the 3% limit, at other times they’ll even generate a surplus.
The government doesn’t just conjure up terms. Situations change, and since that’s the case, the act itself provides escape clauses. ‘Fiscal slippage’ isn’t being used a an excuse here.
I’m using an old graph here but look at this and tell me that ‘no body adheres to them’:
I’m curious though, what term do you expect the FM to use during a pandemic which has impacted the revenue whilst demanding a raise in spending? At this point taking care of the current economy is more important than sticking to targets defined in settled times imo.
You got me wrong.
I really understand that the govt has to do this. They are bound to exceed their targets considering the fact only 1.5% of our population pays tax and we being a mixed economy and welfare state govt has to provide a lot of things. So that's natural.
I was just curious of having act and than not sticking. The 3% limit of FD was set for the year 2008. which has since been increased to 2023, which does mean we haven't been able to do that, so what is the purpose of it? And I really wanted to know what is the mechanism for adherence to the act. There has to be something.
P.S - Futile discussion! If comes in paper, answer would be no mechanism to ensure compliance ( or as Caeser said CAG)
Were not muslims allowed to vote in 1909? There was a delegation lead by Agha khan as well?
Lantana Camara - sundar lagta hai but invasive hai and in some cases deadly if consumed inordinately
It doesn't look that beautiful if found in wild. You can make anything look good through photos.
Not true. I have years of personal experience to make myself look good in photos but to no avail
I am requesting forumias to again consider providing this 😂 alongside heart! Sometimes we need this.
@Neyawn Pls consider.
What are the components of M0 ( high powered money ) ? Getting different things from different places.
EDIT : More confused why the people's deposit with the Banks is not counted, like say if I had deposited 100 rs, in which 20 is kept as CRR, 20 for SLR, 20 is given as loans , then why remaining 40 is not counted?
Can anyone share any document which is having all the international groupings or organisations?
La Ex - RRP 2021 International Groupings.pdfThank you :)
Can president refuse to live in rasstrapati bhawan and also deny to have employments and allowanceWhat would happen if both speaker and deputy speaker resign at the same time because speaker gives his resignation to deputy speaker and vice versa.
I have many such paradoxes :p
Don't ask please! I am an expert in creating such bizarre situations, finally settling down to that nothing of this ever comes true, so I should just shut up and rattafy what's given!
@Rashmirathi refer to this! All you need to know is here.
introspecting about "all of these" in sci tech xD
bas hoping for official key before prelimsWill be a big shift. I was counting on those "All of these" questions :P
Can we rely on? I know we can rely on considering the answer keys, but I am really really fearful about them and always tend to think and overthink in science and tech questions which obviously leads me to getting them wrong. How you guys would go about it?
There will always be ambiguity. Based on the circumstantial evidence that we had, it seemed feasible to mark D wherever it seemed possible, specially for emerging technologies. However, the complexity of this exam keeps increasing every year so we can't really be sure.
A lower cut off can either be due to these S&T questions or due to the CSAT effect. I'm eager to find out which one is it. Does anyone have any idea how much time it takes for UPSC to release the answer key?
Yeah! I always tend to think that if its an emerging technology, you can never be sure what could be its potential benfits so i go for all of these and even in the mocks followed the same thing. Everytime I would go for all of these in emerging tech, I would get it right.
And 92 is so so low!!
IT IS A SIGNAL TOFOCUS ON BASIC BOOKS AND STATIC MORE... BECAUSE THERE CAN NOT BE AN AMBIGUITY IN STATIC PORTION...
That is sooo soo on point!! I think we should run for those 65-70 correct questions ( 15 from polity, 15 from economics, 10-15 from history and art and culture, 8-10 from environment 4-7 from geogrpahy and some 5-10 from basic current affairs) - We can't really solve those odd 30, 35 questions jo kahin se bhi aate hai!
Meanwhile I have a bad feeling that Upsc will ask very few questions from polity this time.. These are my nightmare these days..
While we are ready to take an extra run, UPSC is ready for Mankading us...
*Sighs*
Yeh bolke, don't make me loose hope!
I think UPSC will not reduce questions in polity- atleast last 10 years se constant hai. Rahega shayad.
My only strong areas are polity and economy.
@Hououin_Kyouma Thanks. Just asked another friend and he's also saying that both, marks and keys should come out within a week.
@sstarrr Like you said, can only focus on static books and hope what's been working continues to work. I'll have to tone down on the guesses incase the answer key throws up something new, but that's why it is the 'Unpredictable' Public Service Commission. Sigh. Feels scary to even think of changing the strategy this close to the exam.
Yes. I really hate science and now If d option trick fails in exam, I would be more fearful to attempt science and tech in real exam.
B/w what was the cut off for 2019?
Is it good? Like the UPSC level stuff?
Guys please suggest any one good full length mock for paper-1.. Except forum because I have given many mocks with forum and I don't want to be polarised in my preparation...
I want to give a final full length mock before the D-day..
@Purplesunbird thanks !! CA compilations on the website look really great for last-minute revision. Others can also have a look.
@HeNeArKr are you talking about final lap 3 files schemes reports and yearly
Yeah just had a cursory reading, looked useful to me!
This is good stuff. Especially environment and economy for last minute revisions.
In monetisation of deficit, why is there a need for govt. to issue bonds to the RBI? Can't the RBI just print some money and give it to the govt.? Isn't it just a loan in the former case and hence should just be called borrowing instead of monetisation?
Because if RBI prints money, its a liability for RBI so there has to be something on the assets side as well. Bonds / T bill works as assets then.
They are called monetisation because fresh currency is printed by RBI. Other times when currency is printed, it is produced on RBI discretion and the purpose isn't deficit financing.
sab yaha jhooth bolm rahe hai, agar himmat hai toh apni real marksheet post karooAap jhootha naam rakh rahe hai! Aap sunnydeol hai, sunnyleony nahin. Himmat aur dhai kilo ki haath ki baat sirf sunnydeol karte hai.
@sstarrr black dp? Protesting something? :D
Not really. What is here to protest? Wanted to change DP , and when nothing struck then went for black background.
Also something related to how I have been feeling in recent days. Not so great , so reflects my state these days.
sab yaha jhooth bolm rahe hai, agar himmat hai toh apni real marksheet post karooAap jhootha naam rakh rahe hai! Aap sunnydeol hai, sunnyleony nahin. Himmat aur dhai kilo ki haath ki baat sirf sunnydeol karte hai.
@sstarrr black dp? Protesting something? :D
Not really. What is here to protest? Wanted to change DP , and when nothing struck then went for black background.
Also something related to how I have been feeling in recent days. Not so great , so reflects my state these days.
Alexa, play 'Sab theek ho jayega' by Biryani Brothers.
Playing 'sab theek ho jayega' by Biryani brothers :D
no, it is very imp to call out what is wrong with the system, her journey notwithstanding her hard work is a perfect example of what sandel has called the tyranny of merit( in this case this was not even merit)
she also has written gs 4!!! her actions are also against the very nature of what Kantian morality proposes... to this end I hold one friend of mine in higher regard at the moral pedestal!! despite being from Meghalaya he did not opt for language concession because he had studied in Delhi for few years and knew enough Hindi to understand and write!!! he ended up clearing the mains but failed subsequently
ira Singhal mam too cleared the exam from general category, prob in her 4th attempt!!! integrity is not something that comes in the academy!!!!
also, there is nothing nonsensical about denouncing a system that is against the very people it had sought to liberate
however i too believe that we have to learn to play with the cards that life has dealt us with and not crib about others!!!
+1. Rightly said. We should not discredit her hardwork which has got her the rank, but then we should see the exam in entirety, every stage matters for all of us. She going ahead with 10 marks difference while others being left behind with some .5 marks cannot be justified, more so when we consider her background - parents in IES, sister in IAS and what more!
But this will not change I guess in near future.
What exactly is meant by the 1st statement, anyone? Executive power on matters in concurrent list resides with states. So is it possible to explicitly say that executive power of one is superior to another? Or am I interpreting the statement incorrectly?
257. Control of the Union over States in certain cases
(1) The executive power of every State shall be so exercised as not to impede or prejudice the exercise of the executive power of the Union, and the executive power of the Union shall extend to the giving of such directions to a State as may appear to the Government of India to be necessary for that purpose.
I feel they based it on this?
I don't think the provision would mean what shankar interpreted.
There are three different types of whip. As far as I know, this is the second type of whip (talks about presence/absence in the house). Usually, political parties only issue the third kind of whip (which basically guides MPs on what side to vote on).
As far as I know, whip is not defined in the act and therefore parliamentary conventions are followed.
SC in Kihoto Holohan vs Zachillhu case, 1992 held that the application of the Tenth Schedule is limited to a vote on “motion of confidence” or “no-confidence” in the government or where the motion under consideration relates to a matter which was an integral policy and programme of the political part.
So if it applicable only in such crucial times, then I don't think mere violating of the two line whip would lead to dis qualification.
remembered another thing. A member doesnt have to actually resign from the party, even his conduct can be used to deduce that for all practical purpose he has ceased to be a member. so not attending meetings and acting like Shatrughan Sinha may also constitute defection, i think» show previous quotesyes thats what i have read. Though it has been a suggestion that ADL be restricted to important matters where the future of govt itself is at stake like NCM
Yeah I read that once. This could be seen as defection.
Except through FAR route, FPI limit is 6% on Gsecs and 2% on SDL
Don't know about corporate bonds. The market seems at a nascent stage for this kind of regulation to exist?
The limits for FPI investment in Corporate bonds shall remain unchanged at 15% of outstanding stock of securities for FY 2021-22 - RBI website.
Edit : I am not sure though why we limit it to 15% (considering your reason) and whether is for individual FPI or as a whole.
Anyone here who has done capf, cds pyq? Was there any repetition of concepts or facts wrt CSE
@sjerngal any inputs?
Hey, I did solve past two years capf papers. I did not focus on any pattern per se, but I did realise that there are quite a decent no. of questions on poets and books in ancient and Medieval which is a very scoring area if one has done it well.
Randomness is so high in here that I believe its not worth spending time.
Also NCERT (12th) :( . Probably not worth the hairsplittery though. Dekh lenge.
I had history in undergraduate level , so read some other authors as well. They say Indo - greeks were the first one to issue. Largest number was issued under Guptas.
I had history in undergraduate level , so read some other authors as well. They say Indo - greeks were the first one to issue. Largest number was issued under Guptas.
Atish mathur in his polity pyq lecture once said, lawyers get the most polity questions wrong, economists get the most economics question wrong and same goes for historians. Such is this exam.
Don't refer any undergrad material, stick to ncert imo.
Did not refer. Remember reading it. As there was debate going on so thought maybe this might solve the debate.
BSP toh national party hai na, how is it possibleThe ECI has also stipulated that a symbol reserved for a state party in any state will not be reserved for another state party in any other state (with effect from December, 1997), or be a free symbol anywhere else
does this mean symbol can't be used anywhere in country?
No. BSP symbol in UP is same as that of Asom gana parishad in Assam.
https://www.elections.in/political-parties-in-india/asom-gana-parishad.html - Read this. The election symbol is elephant only.
BSP toh national party hai na, how is it possibleThe ECI has also stipulated that a symbol reserved for a state party in any state will not be reserved for another state party in any other state (with effect from December, 1997), or be a free symbol anywhere else
does this mean symbol can't be used anywhere in country?
No. BSP symbol in UP is same as that of Asom gana parishad in Assam.
Yeah. That's what confused me.
But for all the other state parties, the symbols can be used in other states as well. like the two leaves used by AIADMK have been used in other states as well.
BSP toh national party hai na, how is it possibleThe ECI has also stipulated that a symbol reserved for a state party in any state will not be reserved for another state party in any other state (with effect from December, 1997), or be a free symbol anywhere else
does this mean symbol can't be used anywhere in country?
No. BSP symbol in UP is same as that of Asom gana parishad in Assam.
BSP has elephant symbol reserved in all states and UTs except Assam.
And Sikkim.
Even after knowing:
A and m history questions are going to be unknown
mocks and CAs of coaching industry will do little or no help
Still we tend to believe in the outdated process, as we don't have much choices.
Welcome to elimination round of UPSC CSE.
So we are just 1 weekend and a week away
That's so true! Knowing everything but still doing because of FOMO. If some question comes up ya something happens I am forced to look at CA - like the PLFS thing discussed above. I have read the basic which should be known but then the CWS etc debate took place and I was looking at my CA notes :/ Sigh!!!
agreeI was talking about externalities which make this exam more complex for aspirants, the FOMOthere wasn't need of such long post, mains k time chal jata :P
This is true. Imagine if no one was reading PTs or doing so many tests, we all would have had so much less burden.
We called this upon ourselves, to some extent.
Funny thing is, ab toh even sticking to the above things is the bare minimum and there would be so many people who would go beyond that - with the countless revision programmes and what not running. Overkill mode.
Aur exam mei aana basics hi hai. Thoda kuch common sense se ho jana hai. But mind is mind :/
@Purplesunbird Any idea what could be considered as a good score of Mathur sir test 7?
Others who gave the test pls tell.
@sjernal - you too.
@sstarrr the answer is 2-1-3-4 but it doesn’t match any option and the solution given didn’t match the question
Are you sure?
I think AP would have more forest cover than Andaman - considering the land area.
My guess is Gujart- West bengal - Andaman - AP
Edit - Galat padh lia question. Its about percentage area.
Then -
I would go with you necromancer.
@sstarrr the answer is 2-1-3-4 but it doesn’t match any option and the solution given didn’t match the question
Are you sure?
I think AP would have more forest cover than Andaman - considering the land area.
My guess is Gujart- West bengal - Andaman - AP
It is asking forest cover as a %age of total area .. hence andaman has more..!
Abhi pada! Esi galtii exam mei nahin karni. Lesson is learnt.
@Purplesunbird Rural-dual, urban-only RBI
Rural except PACS. PACS is not under RBI, I think?
Right. They are under complete control of state govt.
so this was basically n HCF qsn ! *panic intensifies@Jurgen_klopp 0.25 foot750/100 ,325/100 -taking hcf of numerators and lcm of denominators =25/100=.25 foot
I also thought it was HCF question but couldn't solve it.
For space, I feel UPSC is not focusing on 'smaller' missions like going to Mars and Moon. It's going for more 'exotic' missions like e-LISA which is a Gravitational wave observatory just like LIGO which was asked couple of years ago. So, that maybe narrows down a little bit.What are the important topics for Science & Tech? Please comment what you feel!
- Nuclear treaty and nuclear Energy- Biotech (Gene editing, GM crop, RNA, DNA, embryo twinning)
- Space related ( Perseverance, Chandrayaan, Debris)
- IT (5g, AI, Quantum, Blockchain, data security related)
- Health - VAccine
-Energy( geothermal, Hydrogen gas, fuel cells, solar )
also Large Hadron Collider and wo International proj jisme Fusion reactor banaane ki koshish kar rhe....forgetting the name
ITER
Test series ka favrt question!
Then this 7 Cr question is also important which was asked previously in one of UPSC exam probably (APFC 2016)
What was the title of the thesis that Dr BR Ambedkar submitted to the London School of Economics for which he was awarded his doctorate in 1923?
problem of rupee ya something?
7 Crore inke bank account mei direct transfer karwaye jaye.
Revision is boring! Not at all exciting.
But given the input output ratio, it's the only thing that gives me comfort and not anxiety attack..talking about static
Static is a friend always! I hope UPSC doesn't become unpredictable this time around :/
@sstarrr earlier somewhere I told that major minerals are auctioned by central government while for minor minerals is done by state governments.
Sorry, it seems like this was incorrect, non coal mines have to be auctioned by respective state governments including major minerals. So minerals including major within territories of state are owned by respective state governments while minerals in territorial waters and EEZ are owned by central government.
Thank you. I had doubt on this aspect only.
I read thatcoal, lignite and atomic mineralsare auctioned by the Central govt and rest by the states.
How does DNA vaccine work for COVID?DNA vaccine uses a gene (the gene that is responsible for the spike protein of COVID) from the virus and once it enters the nucleus it is transcribed into mRNA and then translated into the spike protein. Now our bodies will create antibodies to that protein. In mRNA that first step of transcribing into mRNA is skipped.
But Corona virus is a RNA virus and not a DNA virus. Then how come DNA is made from RNA?
mRNA vaccine could be understood but not DNA. If I am worng or I am missing something then pls tell.
How does DNA vaccine work for COVID?DNA vaccine uses a gene (the gene that is responsible for the spike protein of COVID) from the virus and once it enters the nucleus it is transcribed into mRNA and then translated into the spike protein. Now our bodies will create antibodies to that protein. In mRNA that first step of transcribing into mRNA is skipped.
But Corona virus is a RNA virus and not a DNA virus. Then how come DNA is made from RNA?
mRNA vaccine could be understood but not DNA. If I am worng or I am missing something then pls tell.
Background Info:
Dna->is a piece of genetic info.
Spike protein->It's the part of coronavirus which latches to cells.
mRNA->used for sending the info to the Ribosomes which synthesizes the spike protein. (Because DNA ki bhasha ribosome ko nhi aati.)
Application:
So, in this vaccine, we are just sending the genetic information, not the actual virus. Now we can send the genetic info in rna or DNA form doesn't matter. Dna enters our nucleus forms the mrna which goes to the ribosomes which makes the spike protein, which in turns activates our immune system and creates antibodies.
Found this vedio. It says the RNA from the virus is attached with a DNA from a virus which is not harmful and then in some manner the DNA is formed which then is inserted into the cells - through different methods.
Bro how can Rna be attached to DNA? Rna is single-stranded, DNA is double.Yha vo Rna ko double stranded dikha rha hai means he might have converted RNA into DNA ( by reverse transcriptome).
Yeah! Very much possible. I also couldn't understand that. But I was no where getting that I thought yeh hoga shayad - that's why wrote in some manner DNA might be formed. No more hair-splitting.
I too find Reverse transcriptome method to be the right explanation for conversion of RNA into DNA.
How does DNA vaccine work for COVID?DNA vaccine uses a gene (the gene that is responsible for the spike protein of COVID) from the virus and once it enters the nucleus it is transcribed into mRNA and then translated into the spike protein. Now our bodies will create antibodies to that protein. In mRNA that first step of transcribing into mRNA is skipped.
But Corona virus is a RNA virus and not a DNA virus. Then how come DNA is made from RNA?
mRNA vaccine could be understood but not DNA. If I am worng or I am missing something then pls tell.
Vision me diya hai ki some plasmid DNA from a harmless bacteria is used to deliver info to the cells to teach them to form spike proteins. Bas ratt lia
Science mei shayad yehi karna chayeih! I was hell bent on understanding :/
The Environment Protection Act, 1986 empowers the Government of India to
- state the requirement of public participation in the process of environmental protection, and the procedure and manner in which it is sought
- lay down the standards for emission or discharge of environmental pollutants from various sources
Official answer key says answer is 2 only. Isn't public participation a part of EPA?
EPA doesn't contain this provision specifically afaik.
That's what everyone says after the answer key comes out 😂. I think questions like these can't be answered even if you have the whole act in front of you.
Yesss! Justifying the answer key as sjernal said :D
But I did not read about public participation in my note, still still I would have gone with your logic and marked a as well !
@HughJackman For mp it's administered by speaker of lok sabha but minister is executive so administered by President of India
And speaker's oath?
why the 3rd statement is correct? General statement is correct kind of thing? 
@sjerngal D??
How did you arrive? I though B.
Guessing game pt. 3.. Also, this one is mentioned in NCERT..Would have skipped or marked between C and D...C because it sounds like the Padma Bhushan award and D because it sounds similar to Khilafat which translates into Caliphate - an honorary position.
I too gussed this, Padma wala stuff but cancelled because I thought its more like hindu name then why would mughals keep it?
Will someone please explain in simple words, important points related to Public Safety Bills and Industrial Dispute bills during British Rule?Given in spectrum. Provisions have been explained by@Shailputri . Adding few pieces of information from the spectrum that the Public safety bill was defeated by Indian members in the assembly and M. Nehru had spoken in detail against it. Bhagat Singh, Raj guru, etc had thrown bombs in the assembly against the passage of the bill in 1929.
I think they were unable to defeat the bill and it was passed later on.
Spectrum is wrong here?
When it was introduced in 1928 - it was defeated 62 by 61 with casting vote of vithalbhai patel. But it was later reintroduced again in 1929 as an ordinance when bhagat singh threw the bomb at the assembly.
Ordinance did come into effect.
😂😂😂 Not this I guess. I will be carrying face mask only. In Instructions it is written face mask/face cover
This looks much more better than face mask! 😂
democracy is a slippery slope, there cannot be enough democracy....anyway democracy is good only till it is led by benevolent elites in a parliamentary system.. when people start exercising their democratic rights in the true sense anarchy erupts.
I don't think democracy means a state lead by benevolent elites in parliamentary system. Democracy is govt by the people and for the people, so people do and should exercise all the rights to voice their opinion. It is the work of the so called elected leaders to actually find a middle ground as its the people who get effected by those decisions. Something that impacts me should have my consent.
In the recent years we already have brought reforms, but what is more problematic is the lack of consensus between govt, parties and pressure groups. Its due to lack of consensus and lack of ability on the part of the govt to accommodate various views and go by what they think is right. Conceding to the demands of the farmers should not have been done the way it is done, there should have been more consensus building, I believe more discussions on part of govt, shedding some parts and keeping some would actually would have made farmers to also tone down their demands and also would have allowed the govt to go for reforms. Reforms are needed but I believe until the section effected is taken into confidence, reforms are not possible.
This step should be used as a reminder to the govt do
build consensus across political and social groups when such tough ( and sometimes neccessary) reforms are
sought.
